Neuroimaging of Mobility in Aging: A Targeted Review

Holtzer, Roee; Epstein, Noah J.; Mahoney, Jeannette R.; İzzetoğlu, Meltem; Blumen, Helena M.

doi:10.1093/gerona/glu052

Cited by 244 publications

(251 citation statements)

References 117 publications

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“…Though others have also observed the association between white matter integrity and walking speed (Holtzer et al, 2014), we are the first to report associations within normal-appearing tracts underlying the prefrontal cortex. Further, we observed that decreased frontal white matter integrity was associated with weaker executive network activation, as well as slower performance during an executive function (working memory) task.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Compromised prefrontal structure and function are associated with slower walking in older adults

Poole

Wooten

Iloputaife

et al. 2018

NeuroImage: Clinical

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Our previous work demonstrates that reduced activation of the executive network is associated with slow walking speed in a cohort of older adults from the MOBILIZE Boston Study. However, the influence of underlying white matter integrity on the activation of this network and walking speed is unknown. Thus, we used diffusion-weighted imaging and fMRI during an n-back task to assess associations between executive network structure, function, and walking speed. Whole-brain tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) were used to identify regions of white matter microstructural integrity that were associated with walking speed. The integrity of these regions was then entered into multiple regression models to predict task performance and executive network activation during the n-back task. Among the significant associations of FA with walking speed, we observed the anterior thalamic radiation and superior longitudinal fasciculus were further associated with both n-back response speed and executive network activation. These findings suggest that subtle damage to frontal white matter may contribute to altered executive network activation and slower walking in older adults.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Compromised prefrontal structure and function are associated with slower walking in older adults

Poole

Wooten

Iloputaife

et al. 2018

NeuroImage: Clinical

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“…Emerging evidence indicates that gait ability is associated with structural changes in the brain among older adults (Holtzer et al 2014a;Seidler et al 2010). A systematic review revealed that WML affected physical function and elevated fall risk (Zheng et al 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, the performance on dual-task gait has been shown to be related to executive function (Doi et al 2014;Hausdorff et al 2008;van Iersel et al 2008), requiring more brain activation in prefrontal cortex than was required by single-task walking among older adults with and without cognitive impairment (Doi et al 2013b;Holtzer et al 2015). Structural changes in the aging brain are related to gait performance (for reviews, see Holtzer et al 2014a;Seidler et al 2010). In particular, white matter hyperintensities or lesions (WMLs) have been linked to deficits in physical function among cognitively normal older adults (Bolandzadeh et al 2014;Murray et al 2010;Rosano et al 2010;Silbert et al 2008).…”

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confidence: 99%

Effects of white matter lesions on trunk stability during dual-task walking among older adults with mild cognitive impairment

Doi¹,

Shimada

Makizako

et al. 2015

AGE

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The linkage between gait and cognition has been shown in cases of white matter lesion (WML) that affect gait in older adults. Dual-task walking is believed to be cognitively demanding and to alter trunk movement, and gait impairment in people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is highlighted under this condition. However, the association between dual-task walking and structural changes in the brain, particularly with WML, in people with MCI is still unclear. The aim of this study was to examine the association between trunk stability during dual-task walking and WML in 560 older adults with MCI. We measured magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and gait variables. Gait variables included harmonic ratio in vertical, mediolateral, and anteroposterior directions, analyzed using a tri-axial accelerometer attached to the lower trunk. Walking conditions were normal walking and dual-task walking (counting backwards while walking) conditions. Demographical data and brain atrophy were measured as covariates. Subjects were classified into non-severe WML (n=451, mean age=73.2 years) and severe WML (n=109, mean age=75.9 years) groups. Linear mixedeffects model analysis controlled for covariates showed dual-task-related changes in all harmonic ratios associated with WML (p<0.05). Even after adjustment for executive function, harmonic ratio in the mediolateral direction was significantly associated with WML (p<0.05). Our findings revealed that WMLs were associated with trunk stability in dual-task walking. Further studies are required to investigate the neural basis for deficits in gait ability among MCI subjects.

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“…Measurements of the prefrontal cortex are particularly easy because of reduced interference from hair, but studies are and should measure from more brain regions. Recent reviews have addressed the application to emotional processing [46], mobility and aging [47], clinical psychology [48], psychiatry [7], integration with neuromodulation [49], and brain computer interfaces [50]. fNIRS complements fMRI because it permits rapid studies of larger numbers of subjects and more frequent longitudinal measurements of particular relevance for learning and treatment studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy: Enabling routine functional brain imaging

Yücel

Selb

Huppert

et al. 2017

Current Opinion in Biomedical Engineering

165

134

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Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) maps human brain function by measuring and imaging local changes in hemoglobin concentrations in the brain that arise from the modulation of cerebral blood flow and oxygen metabolism by neural activity. Since its advent over 20 years ago, researchers have exploited and continuously advanced the ability of near infrared light to penetrate through the scalp and skull in order to non-invasively monitor changes in cerebral hemoglobin concentrations that reflect brain activity. We review recent advances in signal processing and hardware that significantly improve the capabilities of fNIRS by reducing the impact of confounding signals to improve statistical robustness of the brain signals and by enhancing the density, spatial coverage, and wearability of measuring devices respectively. We then summarize the application areas that are experiencing rapid growth as fNIRS begins to enable routine functional brain imaging.

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Neuroimaging of Mobility in Aging: A Targeted Review

Abstract: Cortical control of gait in aging is bilateral, widespread, and dependent on the integrity of both gray and white matter.

Cited by 244 publications

References 117 publications

Compromised prefrontal structure and function are associated with slower walking in older adults

Compromised prefrontal structure and function are associated with slower walking in older adults

Effects of white matter lesions on trunk stability during dual-task walking among older adults with mild cognitive impairment

Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy: Enabling routine functional brain imaging

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