Neuroimaging of individuals with Down’s syndrome at-risk for dementia: Evidence for possible compensatory events

Haier, Richard J.; Head, Kevin; Head, Elizabeth; Lott, Ira T.

doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.09.064

Cited by 63 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…This analysis detected areas of the brain in which there was overlapping significance (e.g., Haier et al, 2008). The only area to survive this analysis was the putamen.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shape of the basal ganglia in preadolescent children is associated with cognitive performance

et al. 2014

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Current studies support the belief that high levels of performance and intellectual abilities are associated with increased brain size or volume. With few exceptions, this conclusion is restricted to studies of post-adolescent subjects and to cerebral cortex. There is evidence that “bigger is better” may not pertain to children and further, that there are areas of the brain in which larger structures are associated with cognitive deficits. In 50 preadolescent children (21 girls) a structural survey of the brain (VBM) was conducted to determine and locate areas in which gray matter volume was associated with poor cognitive performance. Only increased gray matter volume in particular areas of the basal ganglia and specifically the putamen were significantly associated with poor performance on tests of memory, response speed and a general marker and subtests of intelligence. Based on the VBM findings, volumetric analysis of basal ganglia structures were performed using FSL/FIRST. However, no significant changes in total volume of putamen or other basal ganglia structures were detected with this analysis. The disagreement between measures of localized gray matter differences and volumetric analysis suggested that there might be local regional deformity rather than widespread volumetric changes of the putamen. Surface analysis with FSL/FIRST demonstrated that bilateral outward deformation of the putamen, but especially the left, was associated with poor performance on several cognitive tests. Expansion of the globus pallidus and caudate nucleus also was associated with poor performance. Moreover a significant association was detected between a reliable test of language-free intelligence and topographically distinct outward and inward deformation of the putamen. Expansion and contraction of the putamen as a predictor of intelligence may explain why this association was not observed with measures of total volume. These results suggest that deformity is a sensitive measure of function, and that distortion of the basal ganglia may be a neurophenotype for risk of developmental impairment.

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“…This analysis detected areas of the brain in which there was overlapping significance (e.g., Haier et al, 2008). The only area to survive this analysis was the putamen.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shape of the basal ganglia in preadolescent children is associated with cognitive performance

et al. 2014

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“…While there was a close correlation between antemortem PET and postmortem histopathological measurements of Aβ plaques in this DS participant with AD dementia, florbetapir PET measurements may be less sensitive to the detection of the primarily diffuse Aβ plaques that have been reported in virtually all DS/AD- individuals who expired by the age of 35 39 .Previously published FDG PET studies have reported a pattern of CMRgl reductions in DS adults with and without AD dementia similar to that observed in late-onset AD 40 , consistent with the findings reported in our study. In addition, Haier et al, reported increased inferior and medial temporal CMRgl 11,12 in middle-aged DS/AD- participants, raising the possibility of compensatory increases in local neuronal activity in preclinical stages of AD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Florbetapir PET, FDG PET, and MRI in Down syndrome individuals with and without Alzheimer's dementia

Sabbagh

Chen

Rogers

et al. 2015

Alzheimer's & Dementia

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Since Down syndrome (DS) is associated with amyloid β (Aβ) deposition, we characterized imaging measurements of regional fibrillar Aβ burden, cerebral metabolic rate (rCMRgl), gray matter volumes (rGMVs), and age associations in 5 DS with dementia (DS/AD+), 12 DS without dementia (DS/AD-), and 9 normal controls (NCs).There were significant group differences in mean SUVRs for florbetapir with DS/AD+ having the highest, followed by DS/AD-, followed by NC. For FDG-PET, posterior cingulate rCMRgl in DS/AD+ was significantly reduced compared to DS/AD- and NC. For vMRI, hippocampal volumes were significantly reduced for the DS/AD+ compared to DS/AD- and NC. Age-related SUVR increases and rCMRgl reductions were greater in DS participants than in NCs. DS is associated with fibrillar Aβ, rCMRgl, and l rGMV alterations in the dementia stage and prior to the presence of clinical decline. This study provides a foundation for the studies needed to inform treatment and prevention in DS.

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“…In particular, smaller brain volume has been documented in temporal areas and in the cerebellum in individuals with DS compared to healthy controls (White et al 2003;Haier et al 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship Between Brain and Cognitive Processes in Down Syndrome

2011

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We investigated regional grey matter (GM) density in adolescents with Down syndrome (DS) compared to age-matched controls and correlated MRI data with neuropsychological measures in the DS group. Inter-group comparisons documented several GM concentration abnormalities in the participants with DS compared to controls. In the adolescents with DS, intra-group results also showed associations between regional GM density and the neuropsychological measures considered. In particular, GM density of the cerebellum and middle and inferior temporal gyrus was associated with linguistic measures. Short-term memory performances were correlated with the inferior parietal lobule, insula, superior temporal gyrus, medial occipital lobe, and cerebellum. Long-term memory abilities were correlated with GM density in the orbitofrontal cortex, lateral and medial temporal lobe regions, and anterior cingulum and visuo-perceptual abilities with GM density the left middle frontal gyrus. Results of this preliminary study are consistent with a not always efficient brain organization in DS.

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Neuroimaging of individuals with Down’s syndrome at-risk for dementia: Evidence for possible compensatory events

Abstract: Background-We report functional and structural brain indicators that may precede the onset of dementia in individuals with Down syndrome (DS).

Cited by 63 publications

References 71 publications

Shape of the basal ganglia in preadolescent children is associated with cognitive performance

Shape of the basal ganglia in preadolescent children is associated with cognitive performance

Florbetapir PET, FDG PET, and MRI in Down syndrome individuals with and without Alzheimer's dementia

Relationship Between Brain and Cognitive Processes in Down Syndrome

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