Neuroimaging of Gender Differences in Alcohol Dependence: Are Women More Vulnerable?

Mann, Karl; Ackermann, Klaus; Croissant, Bernhard; Mundle, Götz; Nakovics, Helmut; Diehl, Alexander

doi:10.1097/01.alc.0000164376.69978.6b

Cited by 262 publications

(229 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Moreover, HR females take more cocaine than LR females, HR males, and LR males, suggesting a possible increased risk for women noveltyseekers addicted to cocaine to take more drug than men. In fact, women tend to increase their rate of consumption of a wide range of drugs, including alcohol, marijuana, opioids and cocaine, more rapidly than do men (Brady & Randall 1999;Hernandez-Avila et al 2004;Lynch et al 2002;Mann et al 2005;Randall et al 1999). Since individuals who use drugs are more likely to exhibit high novelty-seeking/impulsivity behavioral traits, the clinical data are consistent with our animal findings that the novelty-seeking trait in females may lead to even greater propensity for drug-taking behavior.…”

Section: Impact Of Individual Characteristics On Drug Usesupporting

confidence: 84%

The effects of novelty-seeking phenotypes and sex differences on acquisition of cocaine self-administration in selectively bred High-Responder and Low-Responder rats

Davis

Clinton

Akil

et al. 2008

Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior

133

117

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Individual differences in exploratory behavior can predictably influence psychostimulant selfadministration behavior. Male rats that exhibit a high degree of locomotor activity in a novel environment (High Responders, HR) will self-administer cocaine more readily than males exhibiting low levels of novelty-induced locomotion (Low Responders, LR). The present experiment investigates the combined influences of the sex of an individual and individual phenotypes in noveltyinduced locomotion to predispose animals to acquire cocaine self-administration behavior, in male and female rats selectively bred for the HR-LR phenotypes. We first established that HR females, like their male counterparts, exhibit a dramatically greater locomotor response to novelty and less anxiety-like behavior than do LR females. While locomotor behavior was subtly influenced by estrous stage, with both HR and LR females showing increased activity during metestrus and diestrus compared to proestrus and estrus, the effect did not obscure HR-LR differences. When male and female HR-LR animals were trained to self-administer cocaine (2 h/day, 5 days/wk × 3 wk, 0.2 mg cocaine/kg/infusion), HR males and females acquired cocaine self-administration significantly faster than their LR counterparts. Furthermore, HR females self-administered significantly more cocaine than all other groups. In conclusion, female rats, like males, exhibit HR-LR phenotypes that predict rapidity of acquiring cocaine self-administration. Moreover, HR females self-administer more cocaine than HR males and both LR groups.

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Section: Impact Of Individual Characteristics On Drug Usesupporting

confidence: 84%

The effects of novelty-seeking phenotypes and sex differences on acquisition of cocaine self-administration in selectively bred High-Responder and Low-Responder rats

Davis

Clinton

Akil

et al. 2008

Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior

133

117

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Adult men are 2 to 3 times more likely than women to have a drug abuse/dependence disorder, but this current gender difference may reflect differences in opportunity, rather than vulnerability to drug use [125,126]. If one looks at rate of escalation of drug use, however, women tend to increase their rate of consumption of alcohol, marijuana, opioids and cocaine more rapidly than do men [19,54,82,86,99]. Furthermore, once addicted to a drug, women can find it more difficult to quit than men do.…”

Section: Sex Differences In Drug Abuse In Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Yet, the frequency that young women are becoming intoxicated on alcohol on a regular basis is rising, and the medical consequences of chronic alcohol consumption are more severe for women than for men. For example, women become addicted to alcohol more rapidly than do men [142], and brain atrophy develops more rapidly in women than in men (other negative medical consequences involve the heart, muscle and liver which are also compromised more rapidly in women than in men [86]). …”

Section: Sex Differences In Drug Abuse In Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex differences in drug abuse

Becker

2008

Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology

857

688

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Sex differences are present for all of the phases of drug abuse (initiation, escalation of use, addiction, and relapse following abstinence). While there are some differences among specific classes of abused drugs, the general pattern of sex differences is the same for all drugs of abuse. Females begin regularly self-administering licit and illicit drugs of abuse at lower doses than do males, use escalates more rapidly to addiction, and females are at greater risk for relapse following abstinence. In this review, sex differences in drug abuse are discussed for humans and in animal models. The possible neuroendocrine mechanisms mediating these sex differences are discussed.

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“…Firstly, we studied only men, whereas effects of alcoholism may be even more devastating in women (103,104). However, we selected men in order to avoid interactions of gender effects.…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decreased Volume of the Brain Reward System in Alcoholism

Makris

Oscar‐Berman

Jaffin

et al. 2008

Biological Psychiatry

343

327

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Background-Reinforcement of behavioral responses involves a complex cerebral circuit engaging specific neuronal networks that are modulated by cortical oversight systems affiliated with emotion, memory, judgment, and decision making (collectively referred to in this study as the "extended reward and oversight system" or "reward-network"). We examined whether rewardnetwork brain volumes are reduced in alcoholics, and how volumes of subcomponents within this system are correlated with memory and drinking-history.

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Neuroimaging of Gender Differences in Alcohol Dependence: Are Women More Vulnerable?

Cited by 262 publications

References 27 publications

The effects of novelty-seeking phenotypes and sex differences on acquisition of cocaine self-administration in selectively bred High-Responder and Low-Responder rats

The effects of novelty-seeking phenotypes and sex differences on acquisition of cocaine self-administration in selectively bred High-Responder and Low-Responder rats

Sex differences in drug abuse

Decreased Volume of the Brain Reward System in Alcoholism

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