Neuroimaging in children, adolescents and young adults with psychological trauma

Rinne-Albers, Mirjam A. W.; Wee, Nic J.A. van der; Lamers-Winkelman, F.; Vermeiren, Robert

doi:10.1007/s00787-013-0410-1

Cited by 53 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Therefore, we compared youth exposed to traumatic events (both single and complex trauma) with healthy control youths that did not experience traumatic events. Considering that EF develops across childhood and adolescence [11], we hypothesized that EF is more likely to be impacted by complex trauma than by single trauma [21, 26, 27]. Third, we hypothesized that EF plays a mediating role in the relationship between complex trauma and posttraumatic stress in youth, but not in the relationship between single trauma and posttraumatic stress [23, 28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Executive function as a mediator in the link between single or complex trauma and posttraumatic stress in children and adolescents

et al. 2017

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PurposeIn this study, we examined whether there is a mediating role of executive function (EF) in the relationship between trauma exposure and posttraumatic stress in youth.MethodsChildren and adolescents exposed to trauma were recruited at an academic center for child psychiatry in The Netherlands. The total sample consisted of 119 children from 9 to 17 years old (M = 13.65, SD = 2.45). Based on retrospective life event information, the sample was divided into three groups: a single trauma group (n = 41), a complex trauma group (n = 38), and a control group that was not exposed to traumatic events (n = 40).ResultsOur findings revealed that youth exposed to complex trauma had more deficits in EF compared to youth in the single trauma and control groups. EF was found to partly mediate posttraumatic stress symptoms for youth exposed to complex trauma, but not for youth exposed to single trauma. Youth exposed to complex trauma showed more deficits in EF, which was in turn associated with higher levels of posttraumatic stress symptoms.ConclusionsOur findings provide partial support for the role of EF in mediating posttraumatic stress outcomes for youth exposed to complex trauma. This points to the important role of EF in the etiology and treatment of complexly traumatized youth.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Executive function as a mediator in the link between single or complex trauma and posttraumatic stress in children and adolescents

et al. 2017

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“…It is involved in the integration of processes related to language, attention, arousal, memory, emotion and sensory-motor functions (15-17). The CC seems to be particularly vulnerable to perceived stress (18) and has been shown to be affected by stressful events and trauma (19, 20). Specifically, reductions in CC volume have been demonstrated in both children (21) and adults with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)(22, 23), particularly in the posterior part of the corpus callosum (22).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in the corpus callosum in women with late-stage bipolar disorder

Lavagnino

Cao²,

Mwangi³

et al. 2015

Acta Psychiatr Scand

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Objective The present study investigated the differences in corpus callosum (CC) volumes between women with early stage and late stage bipolar I (BP I) disorder using the criteria previously described in the literature. Method We compared women with early and late stage BP I using criteria described in the Staging Systems Task Force Report of the International Society for Bipolar Disorders. We included 20 patients with early stage and 21 patients with late stage BP Iand a group of 25 healthy controls. Patients and controls underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging. Information on the clinical features of bipolar disorder was collected using a standardized questionnaire. Anatomical volumes of 5 regions of CC were compared between the three groups. Results Women with late-stage BP I disorder had reduced posterior CC volumes compared to early stage bipolar I patients and controls (F=6.05; P=0.004). The difference was significant after controlling for age, comorbidity with post-traumatic stress disorder, psychotic symptoms during mood episodes, and current use of medication. Conclusion The posterior CC was significantly decreased in volume in women with late-stage bipolar disorder. These findings suggest that CC may be an anatomical target of neuroprogression in the course of bipolar disorder in women.

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“…[30][31][32][33] Structural Neuroimaging There is evidence to suggest that total brain volume is reduced in both traumatized children and adults compared with trauma-naïve individuals. [34][35][36] A meta-analysis did not find a significant difference in brain volume when adults with PTSD were compared with trauma-exposed control subjects. 34 However, a longitudinal study of PTSD patients found accelerated atrophy (rate greater than control group) in widespread areas of the brain in the PTSD subgroup with worsening symptoms.…”

Section: Functional Neuroimagingmentioning

confidence: 98%

Psychotherapy for PTSD: Neuroimaging of Recovery Processes

Erickson¹,

Hurley²,

Taber³

2014

JNP

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Much of the neurobiological research on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has focused on brain structures implicated in the fear circuit. Illustrated and labeled here are the locations and general extent of the amygdala (pink), hippocampus (purple), and limbic-related cerebral cortex (yellow), which includes the cingulate and parahippocampal gyri and uncus. The general region that is considered to be ventromedial prefrontal cortex (PFC) is circled. COVER and FIGURE 2. There is considerable variability across functional imaging studies assessing neural differences associated with PTSD, in part due to small sample size. Other important aspects include whether the analysis focused only on specific regions of interest or examined the whole brain and the tasks used to evoke changes in neural activity. Summarized here are the results of two recent meta-analyses that focused primarily on studies that reported whole brain analysis, used some form of symptom provocation (e.g., trauma reminders), and compared subjects with PTSD to healthy trauma exposed individuals. 1,2 Warm colors (pink, orange) indicate areas with higher activation in subjects with PTSD, and cool colors (blue, green) indicate areas with lower activation in subjects with PTSD. Both metaanalyses found hyperactivation within multiple areas in the cingulate cortex and noted the importance of this region for salience processing. Neither meta-analysis found the response of the amygdala to differ significantly between subjects with PTSD and trauma-exposed control subjects during symptom provocation. As noted in one study, this may be due to the inherent difficulty with acquiring functional imaging of this small area or may indicate that amygdala dysfunction is not as important in PTSD as previously thought. 1 FIGURE 3. Only a handful of imaging studies have assessed treatment-related changes in brain activations induced by trauma reminders in subjects with PTSD. The results of three studies that used single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) to compare regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) in subjects who responded to treatment compared with their own baseline or subjects who did not respond to treatment are summarized. 3-5 Warm colors (pink, orange) indicate areas with higher CBF, and cool colors (blue, greens) indicate areas with lower CBF. One study reported only general areas (e.g. Brodmann areas [BA], hippocampus) and did not specify laterality, so these are indicated by large circles in both hemispheres. 3 Smaller circles mark the locations from the two studies that reported coordinates. 4,5 The only areas reported in all three studies are in dorsolateral PFC and medial temporal lobe, but the laterality and direction of change varies. Although very preliminary, these results suggest that both normalization and compensatory changes may occur.

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Neuroimaging in children, adolescents and young adults with psychological trauma

Cited by 53 publications

References 62 publications

Executive function as a mediator in the link between single or complex trauma and posttraumatic stress in children and adolescents

Executive function as a mediator in the link between single or complex trauma and posttraumatic stress in children and adolescents

Changes in the corpus callosum in women with late-stage bipolar disorder

Psychotherapy for PTSD: Neuroimaging of Recovery Processes

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