Neuroimaging in borderline personality disorder

Schmahl, Christian; Bremner, J. Douglas

doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2005.08.011

Cited by 170 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 68 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Therefore, it is possible that any influence of prenatal hormones on borderline personality may be driven primarily by an atypical sexual differentiation of brain regions integral to mood and behavioral regulation (e.g., the amygdala and hypothalamus). This speculation is supported by other research showing that sex-specific patterns of activation occur in the amygdala following exposure to emotional stimuli (Cahill et al, 2001;Canli, Desmond, Zhao, & Gabrieli, 2002;Killgore & Yurgelun-Todd, 2001) and recent evidence that borderline personality is associated with an altered brain morphology in systems for emotional processing, including the amygdala (Schmahl & Bremner, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Hormones and borderline personality features

Evardone

Alexander

Morey

2008

Personality and Individual Differences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Borderline personality is diagnosed in clinical settings three times more often in women than in men, and symptom severity in women appears sensitive to circulating sex steroid levels. In non-human mammals, prenatal hormones contribute to the development of sex-linked behavior and their responsiveness to postnatal hormones. Therefore, this study examined the hypothesis that prenatal hormones may influence the development of borderline personality traits by measuring a marker of perinatal androgen action, the 2D:4D ratio, and salivary hormone levels in 58 men and 52 women. Participants completed the Borderline Features Subscales (BOR) of the Personality Assessment Inventory, gender role questionnaires, and four sex-linked cognitive tasks. Digit ratios were a significant predictor of the affective component of borderline personality, such that in both sexes 2D:4D ratios suggestive of weaker perinatal androgen action contributed to greater borderline personality features overall and greater affective instability. In addition, women reporting greater affective instability showed larger changes in estradiol across the session, consistent with the influence of stress and emotional reactivity on hormonal function. These findings are consistent with an increasing body of research suggesting that hormonal factors associated with the expression of typical gender-linked behavior may also contribute to the expression of gender-linked maladaptive behavior.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Hormones and borderline personality features

Evardone

Alexander

Morey

2008

Personality and Individual Differences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…BPD is associated feelings of internal emptiness and fear of abandonment and is often accompanied by selfdestructive behaviors such as self cutting. There are large overlaps in the neurobiological correlates of BPD and PTSD [149,150]. Similar to PTSD, BPD is associated with reductions in hippocampal volume [80,145,146] and a functional dysregulation of the prefrontal-limbic axis [142,149,[151][152][153][154][155][156], which may underlie the affective dysregulation seen in both BPD and PTSD.…”

Section: Functional Neuroimaging Studies In Ptsdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroimaging in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Other Stress-Related Disorders

Bremner

2007

Neuroimaging Clinics of North America

135

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SynopsisTraumatic stress has a broad range of effects on the brain. Brain areas implicated in the stress response include the amygdala, hippocampus, and prefrontal cortex. Studies in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other psychiatric disorders related to stress have replicated findings in animal studies by finding alterations in these brain areas. Brain regions implicated in PTSD also play an important role in memory function, highlighting the important interplay between memory and the traumatic stress response. Abnormalities in these brain areas are hypothesized to underlie symptoms of PTSD and other stress-related psychiatric disorders. EFFECTS OF TRAUMATIC STRESS ON THE INDIVIDUALTraumatic stressors including childhood abuse can lead to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), as well as depression [1,2], substance abuse [3,4], dissociative disorders [5], personality disorders [6,7], and health problems [8]. For many trauma victims, PTSD, which affects about 8% of Americans at some time in their lives [3], may be a life-long problem [9]. However, the development of effective treatments is limited by gaps in knowledge about the underlying neurobiological mechanisms that mediate symptoms of trauma related disorders like PTSD. Until twelve years ago, no brain imaging studies had been performed in patients with PTSD or other stress-related psychiatric disorders. The past decade has seen an explosion of research using brain imaging to assess the effects of traumatic stress on the brain [10]. These studies have implicated the amygdala, hippocampus, and medial prefrontal cortex (including anterior cingulate) in PTSD and other stress related psychiatric disorders. This chapter reviews brain imaging studies looking at the effects of traumatic stress on the brain, and integrates them with basic science findings on the neuroscience of stress. NEURAL CIRCUITS OF PTSDPTSD is characterized by specific symptoms, including intrusive thoughts, hyperarousal, flashbacks, nightmares, and sleep disturbances, changes in memory and concentration, and startle responses. Symptoms of PTSD are hypothesized to represent the behavioral manifestation of stress-induced changes in brain structure and function. Stress results in acute and chronic changes in neurochemical systems and specific brain regions, which result in longterm changes in brain "circuits" involved in the stress response [11][12][13][14]. Brain regions that are

show abstract

“…In addition to genetic research (see above), progress in neuroimaging studies of this disorder has also been fruitful. Cerebral CT scan reports in patients with borderline personality disorder began in the early 1980s, but no significant structural changes were identified [129]. Again, MRI technology has opened new windows on our understanding of the disorder.…”

Section: Borderline Personality Disordermentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic and Neuroimaging Features of Personality Disorders: State of the Art

Fan

Shen

et al. 2016

Neurosci. Bull.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Personality disorders often act as a common denominator for many psychiatric problems, and studies on personality disorders contribute to the etiopathology, diagnosis, and treatment of many mental disorders. In recent years, increasing evidence from various studies has shown distinctive features of personality disorders, and that from genetic and neuroimaging studies has been especially valuable. Genetic studies primarily target the genes encoding neurotransmitters and enzymes in the serotoninergic and dopaminergic systems, and neuroimaging studies mainly focus on the frontal and temporal lobes as well as the limbic-paralimbic system in patients with personality disorders. Although some studies have suffered due to unclear diagnoses of personality disorders and some have included few patients for a given personality disorder, great opportunities remain for investigators to launch new ideas and technologies in the field.

show abstract

Neuroimaging in borderline personality disorder

Cited by 170 publications

References 68 publications

Hormones and borderline personality features

Hormones and borderline personality features

Neuroimaging in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Other Stress-Related Disorders

Genetic and Neuroimaging Features of Personality Disorders: State of the Art

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About