Neuroimaging in Acute Transverse Myelitis

Goh, Christine; Phal, Pramit M.; Desmond, Patricia

doi:10.1016/j.nic.2011.07.010

Cited by 27 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 119 publications

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“…A similar imaging picture is observed in tabes dorsalis in patients with neurosyphilis, which is usually identified in chronic cases as atrophy of the dorsolateral columns 29 .…”

Section: Human T Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 (Htlv-1)supporting

confidence: 65%

“…HHV types 1, 2, 6 and 7 share an overlapping imaging presentation, characterized by long-segment hypersignal on T2 with variable Gd enhancement. There are reports of hemorrhagic lesions, particularly in type 1 HHV 29 . Myelitis is a rare manifestation of VZV infection and generally occurs after reactivation of a latent infection.…”

Section: Family Herpes Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CMV infection is rare in the immunocompetent patient, and imaging usually shows conus medullaris impairment associated with thickening, clumping, and enhancement of nerve roots and leptomeninges, often with associated long-segment cord high signal on T2 ( Figure 10 Another especially different manifestation of viral diseases is observed in the picornavirus family (poliovirus, enterovirus 71 and, less commonly, Coxsackie virus A and B) and in some flaviviruses, including the West Nile and dengue viruses. This manifestation is marked by a poliomyelitis-related syndrome shown on MRI as a unilateral or bilateral hyperintensity on T2 in the anterior horns of the spinal cord across multiple segments that may be enhanced 29 .…”

Section: Family Herpes Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Central nervous system infectious diseases mimicking multiple sclerosis: recognizing distinguishable features using MRI

Rocha

Littig

Nunes

et al. 2013

Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr.

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Sclerosis (MS) Diagnosis (McDonald criteria, 2011) 1 have confirmed the important role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the diagnosis of MS, especially for patients who present with clinically isolated syndromes (CIS), because this technique allows the dissemination in space (DIS) and the dissemination in time (DIT) to be characterized in a single scan.The determination of DIS is based on the demonstration of at least 1 T2/FLAIR lesion in at least two of the four characteristic locations for MS (juxtacortical, periventricular, infratentorial, and spinal cord), excluding the symptoma tic lesions in the brainstem or spinal cord (Figure 1). The DIT criteria are based on the histopathological diversity of early MS, in which multifocal chronic plaques often coexist with a few ABStrACtThe current diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis (MS) confirm the relevant role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), supporting the possibility of characterizing the dissemination in space (DIS) and the dissemination in time (DIT) in a single scan. To maintain the specificity of these criteria, it is necessary to determine whether T2/FLAIR visible lesions and the gadolinium enhancement can be attributed to diseases that mimic MS. Several diseases are included in the MS differential diagnosis list, including diseases with exacerbation, remitting periods and numerous treatable infectious diseases, which can mimic the MRI features of MS. We discuss the most relevant imaging features in several infectious diseases that resemble MS and examine the primary spatial distributions of lesions and the gadolinium enhancement patterns related to MS. Recognizing imaging "red flags" can be useful for the proper diagnostic evaluation of suspected cases of MS, facilitating the correct differential diagnosis by assessing the combined clinical, laboratory and MR imaging information.Keywords: central nervous system infections, multiple sclerosis, differential diagnosis, magnetic resonance imaging, MRI. rESUMO Os critérios diagnósticos atuais para a esclerose múltipla (EM) destacam a ressonância magnética (RM) e reforçam a caracterização de disseminação no espaço e no tempo, mesmo em um único exame. Para preservar a especificidade desses critérios é necessário determinar se as lesões identificadas em T2/FLAIR e o realce pelo gadolínio não são devidos a doenças que mimetizam EM. Várias doenças compõem a lista de diagnósticos diferenciais da EM, incluindo algumas com períodos de exacerbação e remissão, além de doenças infecciosas tratáveis, que podem imitar suas características de RM. Discutiremos as características de imagem mais relevantes de diversas neuroinfecções que mimetizam EM, examinando a distribuição espacial das lesões e os padrões de realce pelo gadolínio. O reconhecendo dos sinais de alerta por imagem pode ser útil para a avaliação diagnóstica de casos suspeitos de EM, conduzindo ao diagnóstico diferencial correto através de uma avaliação combinada da clínica, laboratório e imagem.Palavras-Chave: infecções do sistema nervoso central...

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“…A similar imaging picture is observed in tabes dorsalis in patients with neurosyphilis, which is usually identified in chronic cases as atrophy of the dorsolateral columns 29 .…”

Section: Human T Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 (Htlv-1)supporting

confidence: 65%

Section: Family Herpes Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Family Herpes Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Central nervous system infectious diseases mimicking multiple sclerosis: recognizing distinguishable features using MRI

Rocha

Littig

Nunes

et al. 2013

Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr.

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“…TM has also been described in various autoimmune conditions without specific MR findings (11). Several NMO patients have a coexistent autoimmune disorder such as Systemic Lupus Erythema tosus (SLE), Sjögren syndrome, myasthenia gravis or Neuro-Behcet's disease (11).…”

Section: Autoimmune Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several NMO patients have a coexistent autoimmune disorder such as Systemic Lupus Erythema tosus (SLE), Sjögren syndrome, myasthenia gravis or Neuro-Behcet's disease (11).…”

Section: Autoimmune Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

MRI of myelitis

Hodel

Outteryck

Jissendi³

et al. 2012

Journal of the Belgian Society of Radiology

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Thoracic epidural arteriovenous malformation causing rapidly progressive myelopathy and mimicking an acute transverse myelitis: A case report

Yuan

Zhou

et al. 2022

Ibrain

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Clinical symptoms of spinal arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) combined with acute spontaneous hemorrhage lack specificity, which leads to misdiagnosis and delays treatment. The current study aimed to analyze the causes of misdiagnosis and review the key points of diagnosis and treatment.We presented an extremely rare case of a 25-year-old man whose clinical characteristics mimicked acute transverse myelitis, suffering from rapidly and repeatedly progressive myelopathy with a mass. The pathological diagnosis of the mass was AVM; symptom-based surgical treatment with posterior decompression and the removal of epidural AVMs during the postoperative 12-month follow-up period were performed. The manual muscle testing grade score of the proximal and distal muscles in both lower limbs improved from 1 to 5, and the American Spinal Injury Association motor and sensation grade score improved from B to E. In the case of sudden or progressive spinal cord injury of unknown cause and acute spinal cord dysfunction, there might be a misdiagnosis. The key to a differential diagnosis is to take into account AVMs, and spontaneous hemorrhages and hematomas should also be suspected.Angiography and magnetic resonance imaging are very important for the

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Neuroimaging in Acute Transverse Myelitis

Cited by 27 publications

References 119 publications

Central nervous system infectious diseases mimicking multiple sclerosis: recognizing distinguishable features using MRI

Central nervous system infectious diseases mimicking multiple sclerosis: recognizing distinguishable features using MRI

MRI of myelitis

Thoracic epidural arteriovenous malformation causing rapidly progressive myelopathy and mimicking an acute transverse myelitis: A case report

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