Neuroimaging Biomarkers of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Dementia

Risacher, Shannon L.; Saykin, Andrew J.

doi:10.1055/s-0033-1359312

Cited by 112 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 420 publications

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“…DTI has shown decreased white matter integrity in the respective regions affected depending on the clinical phenotype [104] . On fMRI FTD can be differentiated from AD by reduced connectivity in the salience network and increased connectivity in the DMN, opposite to that of AD [105,106] .…”

Section: Structural Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various proteins including tauopathies, TDP43, FUSclinically can overlap with PSP, MSA, MND [100,101] Variable-predominantly anterior frontal, temporal and insular atrophy [102,103] FDG PET and SPECT-↓anterior, frontal and temporal uptake [107] fMRI, DTI-↓ in WM of affected regions [104] fMRI-↓"salient" network' but ↑DMN connectivity on resting fMRI-unlike AD [105,106] Vascular dementia…”

Section: Ftdmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some studies suggest these imaging abnormalities are reversible following retroviral therapies, however additional research is needed [104] .…”

Section: Human Immunodeficiency Virus Associated Neurocognitive Disordermentioning

confidence: 99%

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What can imaging tell us about cognitive impairment and dementia?

Narayanan

Murray

2016

WJR

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Dementia is a contemporary global health issue with far reaching consequences, not only for affected individuals and their families, but for national and global socioeconomic conditions. The hallmark feature of dementia is that of irreversible cognitive decline, usually affecting memory, and impaired activities of daily living. Advances in healthcare worldwide have facilitated longer life spans, increasing the risks of developing cognitive decline and dementia in late life. Dementia remains a clinical diagnosis. The role of structural and molecular neuroimaging in patients with dementia is primarily supportive role rather than diagnostic, American and European guidelines recommending imaging to exclude treatable causes of dementia, such as tumor, hydrocephalus or intracranial haemorrhage, but also to distinguish between different dementia subtypes, the commonest of which is Alzheimer's disease. However, this depends on the availability of these imaging techniques at individual centres. Advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques, such as functional connectivity MRI, diffusion tensor imaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and molecular imaging techniques, such as 18F fluoro-deoxy glucose positron emission tomography (PET), amyloid PET, tau PET, are currently within the realm of dementia research but are available for clinical use. Increasingly the research focus is on earlier identification of at risk preclinical individuals, for example due to family history. Intervention at the preclinical stages before irreversible brain damage occurs is currently the best hope of reducing the impact of dementia.

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Section: Structural Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ftdmentioning

confidence: 99%

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What can imaging tell us about cognitive impairment and dementia?

Narayanan

Murray

2016

WJR

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“…The availability of neuroimaging and biomolecular biomarkers to monitor and control brain changes structures, inflammatory processes and other biochemical pathways enable investigation of pathways that may be related to neurodegenerative disease [5,19,20].…”

Section: California Longitudinalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomarkers in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Cortisol

Batista¹,

Pereira²

2016

J Mol Biomark Diagn

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“…Neuroimaging is a non-invasive technique which monitors brain regions and allows the subsequent identification and quantification of diagnostic and candidate biomarkers of dementia progression 1 . Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the most widely used neuroimaging technique to investigate brain changes and neurodegeneration.…”

Section: Challenges In the Discovery Of Potential Biomarkers In Alzhementioning

confidence: 99%

New perspectives in the search for reliable biomarkers in Alzheimer disease

2015

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-Background and Objectives:The search for accurate biomarkers in Alzheimer Disease (AD), on of the most devastating neurodegenerative diseases, remains essential to enable an early prognosis and diagnosis of the disease and to provide more efficient therapeutic strategies.A wide variety of potential biomarkers are has been identified by neuroimaging techniques and by the analysis of fluid samples, such as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or blood. Recently, a growing number of studies are focused on the discovery of reliable bloodbased biomarkers in blood, especially in the prodromal stage of AD, which can predict the conversion of asymptomatic cases to AD demented cases.In this review, the latest challenges in the search for accurate biomarkers of AD is revised, in particular, an update in blood-based biomarkers is described in depth.Conclusions: Finally, the close link among AD and other neurodegenerative diseases is discussed, mainly based on the last discovered mutation, the chromosome 9 open reading frame 72, C9ORF72. Challenges in the discovery of potential biomarkers in Alzheimer DiseaseTo date there are no effective therapies to preserve normal brain function in potential future Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. The absence of reliable biomarkers to identify cognitive normal individuals that will become early-stage AD patients support this fact. Therefore, this overlap between demented and non-demented population has limited the diagnostic accuracy of the current known biomarkers for AD. Due to the fact that neurological processes that finally result in dementia are assumed to be actively long before the first symptoms appear, the availability of diagnostic biomarkers could make a preclinical diagnostic testing and an early treatment of AD possible.A great variety of biomarkers of AD has been described using different approaches (Table 1). As Figure 1 shows, different strategies can be studied along AD progression for a better understanding of the disease and to enable an accurate identification of potential AD biomarkers. Currently, the most studied methods to identify markers of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD are neuroimaging and molecular techniques based on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). A systematic search on PubMed and Scopus databases was performed to find the most relevant studies and review papers. The key words used for this purpose were: "Alzheimer's disease", "Mild Cognitive Impairment", "biomarkers", "blood", "neuroimaging" and "neurodegenerative diseases" in various combinations. The articles selected were published in English from 2004 to 2015.Neuroimaging is a non-invasive technique which monitors brain regions and allows the subsequent identification and quantification of diagnostic and candidate biomarkers of dementia progression 1 . Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the most widely used neuroimaging technique to investigate brain changes and neurodegeneration. Several longitudinal studies using MRI have been conducted with positive results 2,3 . After followup assessments, th...

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Neuroimaging Biomarkers of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Dementia

Cited by 112 publications

References 420 publications

What can imaging tell us about cognitive impairment and dementia?

What can imaging tell us about cognitive impairment and dementia?

Biomarkers in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Cortisol

New perspectives in the search for reliable biomarkers in Alzheimer disease

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