Neuroimaging advances in Parkinson's disease with freezing of gait: A systematic review

Bharti, Komal; Suppa, Antonio; Tommasin, Silvia; Zampogna, Alessandro; Pietracupa, Sara; Pantano, P.

doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2019.102059

Cited by 60 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 142 publications

(347 reference statements)

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“…In the past 10 years, a growing body of neuroimaging studies has been amassed that characterizes the structural and functional alterations in the brains of PD-FOG patients. Structural MRI studies have revealed gray matter loss and white matter damage in FOG patients in various cortical and subcortical regions, including frontoparietal cortical regions, several brainstem, and cerebellar nuclei, and basal ganglia (Bharti et al, 2019). Recently, the emerging notion pointed out that FOG is not only associated with damage in specific brain areas but also with brain network dysfunction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impaired Topographical Organization of Functional Brain Networks in Parkinson’s Disease Patients With Freezing of Gait

Ruan

et al. 2020

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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Objective: This study aimed to explore alterations in the topological properties of the functional brain network in primary Parkinson's disease (PD) patients with freezing of gait (PD-FOG). Methods: Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (Rs-fMRI) data were obtained in 23 PD-FOG patients, 33 PD patients without FOG (PD-nFOG), and 24 healthy control (HC) participants. The whole-brain functional connectome was constructed by thresholding the Pearson correlation matrices of 90 brain regions, and topological properties were analyzed by using graph theory approaches. The networkbased statistics (NBS) method was used to determine the suprathreshold connected edges (P < 0.05; threshold T = 2.725), and statistical significance was estimated by using the non-parametric permutation method (5,000 permutations). Statistically significant topological properties were further evaluated for their relationship with clinical neurological scales. Results: The topological properties of the functional brain network in PD-FOG and PD-nFOG showed no abnormalities at the global level. However, compared with HCs, PD-FOG patients showed decreased nodal local efficiency in several brain regions, including the bilateral striatum, frontoparietal areas, visual cortex, and bilateral superior temporal gyrus, increased nodal local efficiency in the left gyrus rectus. When compared with PD-nFOG patients and HCs, PD-FOG showed increased betweenness centrality in the left hippocampus. Moreover, compared to HCs, both PD-FOG and PD-nFOG patients displayed reduced network connections by using the NBS method, mainly involving the sensorimotor cortex (SM), visual network (VN), default mode network (DMN), auditory network (AN), dorsal attention network (DAN), subcortical regions, and limbic network (LIM). The local node efficiency of the right temporal pole: superior temporal gyrus in PD-FOG patients was positively correlated with the Freezing of Gait Questionnaire (FOGQ) scores.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impaired Topographical Organization of Functional Brain Networks in Parkinson’s Disease Patients With Freezing of Gait

Ruan

et al. 2020

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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“…This review concentrates on examining the previous works that relied on electrophysiology to analyze neural biomarkers associated with FoG. For neuroimaging studies delving into PD-FoG, the reader is encouraged to refer to recent review papers ( 36 , 37 ).…”

Section: Pathophysiology Mechanisms Underlying Fogmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PET and MRI provide the means to study the loss of brain structure in PDFoG+. These neuroimaging techniques have been extensively utilized to understand the pathophysiological mechanisms of PDFoG+ ( 36 , 37 , 116 ). Converging evidence from these neuroimaging techniques suggests that subthalamic locomotor regions, cerebellar locomotor regions, and mesencephalic locomotor regions may be involved with FoG.…”

Section: Neurophysiology Studies Of Fogmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This review is focused on the electrophysiological findings related to PDFOG+, in which the studies of imaging findings are excluded. However, excellent reviews on imaging technology can be found in recent papers ( 36 , 37 , 116 ).…”

Section: Neurophysiology Studies Of Fogmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Great efforts have been made to study neural features that differentiate PD patients who exhibit FoG (PDFoG+) vs. those who do not (PDFoG–). To accomplish this, the research tools that have been applied include functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) ( 24 ), electroencephalography (EEG) ( 13 , 25 – 28 ), deep brain electrode-based recordings ( 26 , 29 – 33 ), and various neuroimaging tools such as volumetric magnetic resonance imaging (vMRI), diffusion MRI (dMRI), functional MRI (fMRI) ( 34 – 37 ), and positron emission tomography (PET) ( 35 , 36 ). It is well-known that each of these methods has advantages over the others, for example, the spatial vs. temporal resolution advantage held by fMRI over EEG, or the non-invasive vs. surgical advantage of EEG over deep brain electrode-based recordings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Neural Correlates of Freezing of Gait in Parkinson's Disease: An Electrophysiology Mini-Review

et al. 2020

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Freezing of gait (FoG) is a disabling symptom characterized as a brief inability to step or by short steps, which occurs when initiating gait or while turning, affecting over half the population with advanced Parkinson's disease (PD). Several non-competing hypotheses have been proposed to explain the pathophysiology and mechanism behind FoG. Yet, due to the complexity of FoG and the lack of a complete understanding of its mechanism, no clear consensus has been reached on the best treatment options. Moreover, most studies that aim to explore neural biomarkers of FoG have been limited to semi-static or imagined paradigms. One of the biggest unmet needs in the field is the identification of reliable biomarkers that can be construed from real walking scenarios to guide better treatments and validate medical and therapeutic interventions. Advances in neural electrophysiology exploration, including EEG and DBS, will allow for pathophysiology research on more real-to-life scenarios for better FoG biomarker identification and validation. The major aim of this review is to highlight the most up-to-date studies that explain the mechanisms underlying FoG through electrophysiology explorations. The latest methodological approaches used in the neurophysiological study of FoG are summarized, and potential future research directions are discussed.

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Prevention of Falls in Parkinson's Disease: Guidelines and Gaps

Camicioli

Morris

Pieruccini‐Faria

et al. 2023

Movement Disord Clin Pract

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BackgroundPeople living with Parkinson's disease (PD) have a high risk for falls.ObjectiveTo examine gaps in falls prevention targeting people with PD as part of the Task Force on Global Guidelines for Falls in Older Adults.MethodsA Delphi consensus process was used to identify specific recommendations for falls in PD. The current narrative review was conducted as educational background with a view to identifying gaps in fall prevention.ResultsA recent Cochrane review recommended exercises and structured physical activities for PD; however, the types of exercises and activities to recommend and PD subgroups likely to benefit require further consideration. Freezing of gait, reduced gait speed, and a prior history of falls are risk factors for falls in PD and should be incorporated in assessments to identify fall risk and target interventions. Multimodal and multi‐domain fall prevention interventions may be beneficial. With advanced or complex PD, balance and strength training should be administered under supervision. Medications, particularly cholinesterase inhibitors, show promise for falls prevention. Identifying how to engage people with PD, their families, and health professionals in falls education and implementation remains a challenge. Barriers to the prevention of falls occur at individual, environmental, policy, and health system levels.ConclusionEffective mitigation of fall risk requires specific targeting and strategies to reduce this debilitating and common problem in PD. While exercise is recommended, the types and modalities of exercise and how to combine them as interventions for different PD subgroups (cognitive impairment, freezing, advanced disease) need further study.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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Neuroimaging advances in Parkinson's disease with freezing of gait: A systematic review

Cited by 60 publications

References 142 publications

Impaired Topographical Organization of Functional Brain Networks in Parkinson’s Disease Patients With Freezing of Gait

Impaired Topographical Organization of Functional Brain Networks in Parkinson’s Disease Patients With Freezing of Gait

Neural Correlates of Freezing of Gait in Parkinson's Disease: An Electrophysiology Mini-Review

Prevention of Falls in Parkinson's Disease: Guidelines and Gaps

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