Neuroimágenes en Demencias

Rojas, Cubides; Guevara, David Ladrón de; Jaimovich, F Rodrigo; Brunetti, Enzo; Faure, L.; Gálvez, Marcelo

doi:10.1016/j.rmclc.2016.06.008

Cited by 6 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…The greatest scientific advance that neuroimaging techniques can record is that they do not require procedures that put human life at risk, they allow the study of the brain alive and fully functioning. They are applied with great frequency in neurodegenerative diseases and dementias, serving to establish much clearer and more precise diagnostic principles, both in the identification of disease patterns and in structural and functional damages caused by degenerative diseases 35,36 .…”

Section: Neuroimaging Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Brain morphometry in adult: volumetric visualization as a tool in image processing

Hernandez-Cortés¹,

Mesa-Pujals²,

García-Gómez³

et al. 2021

RMN

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Brain morphometry is the discipline that provides tools for the measurement of the structural properties of the brain according to the type of imaging data used, characterizing focal brain morphology, functioning, and neurodegenerative processes related to age and gender, as well as local morphological alterations in neurological and psychiatric disorders. An overview of the influence of age and gender on brain morphometry will be provided. An analysis of the scientific literature on some neuroimaging techniques, their potential in the diagnosis of degenerative diseases and the experience of their use in Cuba is presented. Concepts such as: brain morphometry and its main techniques, volumetric and its objective in the field of medicine will be reaffirmed. Image segmentation methods and their clinical correlation will be addressed. The studies that were included in this review are current and located in the Science Direct, PubMed, and SciELO databases; original research reports were considered and the review of specialized books and review articles were included given their relevance in the field. It is concluded that age and sex are factors that affect brain morphometry. Medical imaging is an effective way to look at the anatomy of the brain. Voxel-based morphometric studies detect structural changes in healthy and pathological stages of life. Volumetric visualization is a tool that provides useful information related to the patient and their care. However, there are problems with the uniformity of image segmentation algorithms.

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Section: Neuroimaging Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this area, the most widely used techniques are structural MRI for the evaluation of cortical atrophy, as well as alterations of the white matter and, more recently, PET for the measurement of amyloid deposits or tau protein. Both techniques detect disease-specific morphological and molecular alterations 36,37 .…”

Section: Neuroimaging Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain morphometry in adult: volumetric visualization as a tool in image processing

Hernandez-Cortés¹,

Mesa-Pujals²,

García-Gómez³

et al. 2021

RMN

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“…[11,12] AD patients show specifi c changes in cerebral perfusion diagnosed by SPECT. [13] In stage 1 (disease onset), there tends to be mild perfusion changes in the cerebral cortex, which can be unilateral and localized. As the disease progresses to stage 2, these changes form a typical bilateral posterior temporal-parietal hypoperfusion pattern.…”

Section: Original Research Peer Reviewedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hypoperfusion of the posterior cingulate can also occur. [13] In AD, perfusion remains normal in the sensory-motor cortex, basal ganglia, cerebellum and brainstem. These patterns, along with clinical manifestations and other test results, allow for evaluation and differential diagnosis of the types of dementia.…”

Section: Original Research Peer Reviewedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating Cerebral Perfusion in Alzheimer Patients and First-Degree Relatives: Lessons from Artemisa Province, Cuba

Peña-Quián¹,

Sosa-Pérez²,

Batista-Cuéllar³

et al. 2021

MEDICC Review

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INTRODUCTION Alzheimer disease is related to several risk factors including aging, family history, high blood pressure and diabetes. Studies have shown specifi c regional cerebral perfusion changes in patients with Alzheimer disease. Some authors state that these changes could appear years before patient memory becomes impaired, enabling early diagnosis in high-risk persons who appear to be healthy.OBJECTIVE Determin e the usefulness of cerebral perfusion studies in Alzheimer patients and fi rst-degree relatives for obtaining additional diagnostic information and detecting functional changes that may suggest elevated disease risk. METHODSThis study involved 128 persons (87 clinically diagnosed with Alzheimer disease and 41 of their fi rst-degree relatives with normal cognition), all from Artemisa Province, Cuba. We performed clinical, laboratory, neuropsychological and genetic (apolipoprotein E-ApoE, e4 allele) tests, as well as cerebral perfusion studies using single photon emission computed tomography after administering 740-925 MBq of 99m Tc-ECD, following internationally standardized protocols. RESULTSIn the Alzheimer disease group, the cerebral single photon emission computed tomography showed a typical Alzheimer pattern (bilateral posterior temporal-parietal hypoperfusion) in 77% (67/87) of participants; 35.9% (28/67) in stage 1; 51.3% (40/67) in stage 2; and 12.8% (10/67) in stage 3 of the disease. In this group, 12.7% (11/87) had mild or unilateral cerebral perfusion changes; 5.7% (5/87) vascular dementia; 3.4% (3/87) frontal dementia; and 1.2% (1/87) normal cerebral perfusion. Of the patients, 28.7% (25/87) received a different classifi cation of stage and disease diagnosis after cerebral perfusion results were considered. In the relative group, 14.6% (6/41) had c erebral perfusion abnormalities. Among these, 7.1% (3/41) were mild bilateral temporal-parietal hypoperfusion; 4.8% (2/41) mild unilateral temporal-parietal hypoperfusion; and 2.4% (1/41) had perfusion defecits in their right frontal lobes. Of patients with typical Alzheimer disease patterns in the cerebral single photon emission computed tomography, 76.6% (52/67) had positive ApoE e4. All relatives with perfusion abnormalities (6/6) had positive ApoE e4.CONCLUSIONS Cerebral perfusion studies confi rmed the Alzheimer disease diagnosis, classifi ed disease stages, and differentiated between the types of dementia. The test s howed perfusion changes in several asymptomatic fi rst-degree relatives with positive ApoE e4, which could be predictors of disease. The technique was useful for evaluating patients and their relatives.

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“…Aunque todavía no se sabe qué es exactamente lo que provoca el fallo en las neuronas que desencadena la enfermedad de Alzheimer, sí se han identificado varios factores de riesgo que aumentan la posibilidad de desarrollarla: (Schouten et al, 2017), (Nazeri, Ganjgahi, Roostaei, Nichols, & Zarei, 2014), (Whitwell et al, 2018), (Rowe & Villemagne, 2013). Figura 5.3: PET/CT en un paciente con EA (Rojas C. et al, 2016) Una vez que el profesional recopila y evalúa todas las pruebas emite sus conclusiones y las comparte con el paciente y los familiares, les comunica la presencia de la enfermedad y que actualmente no tiene cura, también les asesora sobre el cambio de vida que supone padecer la enfermedad de Alzheimer, tanto en la persona que la sufre como en las personas que le rodean, además les da indicaciones sobre cuestiones legales que tienen que valorar antes de que la enfermedad avance, de modo que la persona enferma pueda participar en la toma de decisiones y planificación a futuro y pueda determinar qué persona será la que se haga cargo de tomar decisiones en su lugar en las últimas etapas de la enfermedad, por último les informa sobre las opciones disponibles de tratamiento, apoyo y atención que permiten aliviar algunos síntomas y mejorar la calidad de vida en connivencia con la enfermedad. Cabe destacar que el diagnóstico de la EA en vida no es fiable al 100%, no existe todavía ninguna prueba específica ni síntoma que indique sin lugar a dudas que se padece esta enfermedad, y a pesar de que se están consiguiendo importantes avances en este sentido con técnicas de neuroimagen, la forma que adoptan los profesionales en muchas ocasiones para diagnosticarla es el descarte de otros tipos de demencia para los cuales sí hay métodos eficientes que determinan su presencia, sólo realizando un análisis post mortem del cerebro se puede establecer de forma inequívoca que el paciente sufría Enfermedad de Alzheimer.…”

Section: Síntomas Y Factores De Riesgounclassified

Herramienta de apoyo para personas con limitaciones comunicativas utilizando un lenguaje visual = Support tool for people with communicative limitations using a visual language

Colín¹

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RESUMENLa presente tesis doctoral se desarrolla en el marco de los lenguajes visuales como recurso para satisfacer necesidades específicas de determinados grupos de personas que, bien por cuestiones de salud o bien por discapacidades físicas, presentan limitaciones a la hora de comunicarse mediante el lenguaje oral o el lenguaje escrito, se trata de individuos con necesidades especiales y en situación de dependencia que necesitan de otros recursos para minimizar y superar las dificultades comunicativas a las que se enfrentan.El colectivo concreto en el que se centra esta tesis es el de personas que padecen enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA) y sus cuidadores; para la elaboración de la tesis se ha trabajado desde varios escenarios, como el estudio de los síntomas de esta demencia, la búsqueda de información sobre la evolución de la misma, el estudio de las aplicaciones informáticas existentes que pretenden mejorar la calidad de vida de este colectivo, y la colaboración directa con profesionales del sector y pacientes para desarrollar un prototipo de herramienta que fortalezca la memoria, favorezca y aumente la interacción comunicativa, y facilite al profesional o cuidador que explote la herramienta la ejecución de sesiones de entrenamiento productivas sobre un interfaz de usuario sencillo y amigable. Para comprobar la eficiencia del prototipo desarrollado se han realizado varias sesiones de prueba que han sido ejecutadas y evaluadas por un profesional.Mediante el análisis de los resultados obtenidos en estas sesiones se ha comprobado que este tipo de herramientas pueden servir para diseñar y crear ejercicios de estimulación cognitiva adaptados a las necesidades de los usuarios, de forma que éstos obtengan un mayor beneficio de estas sesiones, redundando en una mejora de su calidad de vida. ABSTRACTThe present doctoral thesis is developed within the framework of visual languages as a resource to meet the specific needs of certain groups of people who, either because of health issues or because of physical disabilities, have limitations when communicating through oral language or written language, it is about individuals with special needs and in a dependency situation who need other resources to minimize and overcome the communication difficulties they face.The specific group in which this thesis focuses is that of people suffering from Alzheimer's disease and their caregivers; for its elaboration this thesis has been worked from various scenarios, such as the study of the symptoms of this dementia, the search for information on its evolution, the study of the existing computer applications that aim to improve the quality of life of this group of people, and the direct collaboration with professionals of the sector and patients to develop a prototype tool that strengthens the memory, favour and increase the communicative interaction , and provide the professional or caregiver who exploits the tool the execution of productive training sessions on a simple and friendly user interface. To verify the efficiency of the develop...

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Neuroimágenes en Demencias

Cited by 6 publications

References 70 publications

Brain morphometry in adult: volumetric visualization as a tool in image processing

Brain morphometry in adult: volumetric visualization as a tool in image processing

Evaluating Cerebral Perfusion in Alzheimer Patients and First-Degree Relatives: Lessons from Artemisa Province, Cuba

Herramienta de apoyo para personas con limitaciones comunicativas utilizando un lenguaje visual = Support tool for people with communicative limitations using a visual language

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