Neurohypophysial Peptides in Cerebrospinal Fluid: An Update

Robinson, I. C. A. F.; Coombes, J. E.

doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1993.tb55553.x

Cited by 21 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 57 publications

(3 reference statements)

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“…Hence, a thinner son-VGL might enable peptide release directly into the CSF. This may provide one means of communication between the two supraoptic nuclei, as well as other circumventricular structures (Summy-Long et al, 1994) and explain, at least in part, how neurohypophysial peptides get into the CSF (Robinson and Coombes, 1993). With regard to vasopressin, this peptide could then be involved in the regulation of brain water and electrolyte concentration (Nilsson et al, 19921, or the increase in bulk flow of fluid into the brain occurring during hyperosmolar conditions Pullen et al, 1987).…”

Section: Possible Functional Consequences Of Decreased Son-vgl Thicknessmentioning

confidence: 97%

Plasticity of astrocytes of the ventral glial limitans subjacent to the supraoptic nucleus

Bobak

Salm

1996

J. Comp. Neurol.

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We present evidence of gross morphological changes in astrocytes of the ventral glial limitans (VGL) associated with a well-known model of central nervous system (CNS) plasticity: the hypothalamic supraoptic nucleus (SON). Activity of SON magnocellular neuroendocrine cells (MNCs) was stimulated in experimental rats by substitution of 2% saline for drinking water for 2 or 9 days. Light microscopic measures revealed that a significant decrease in VGL thickness, by 34%, occurred with 9 days of stimulation. Astrocyte nuclei of 9-day dehydrated animals were also found to be 39% closer to the pial surface when compared with controls. Electron microscopy revealed a reorientation of individual astrocytes from a direction perpendicular (vertical) to the pial surface, to one parallel (horizontal) to this region. Vertically oriented astrocytes were found to be greater in the control group, by 49%, when compared with the 9-day dehydrated group, where cells were predominantly horizontal in orientation. Vertically oriented cells were further analyzed as to the direction of their vertical projections. Control, 2-day dehydrated and 9-day rehydrated animals, had more vertical cells which were oriented toward the pial surface when compared with 9-day dehydrated animals, where the relatively few vertically oriented astrocytes were significantly more likely to project toward the dendritic zone. In animals allowed to rehydrate for 9 days following a period of dehydration, these changes returned toward control levels. We conclude that astrocytes in vivo are capable of reversible gross morphological changes over a relatively short time.

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Section: Possible Functional Consequences Of Decreased Son-vgl Thicknessmentioning

confidence: 97%

Plasticity of astrocytes of the ventral glial limitans subjacent to the supraoptic nucleus

Bobak

Salm

1996

J. Comp. Neurol.

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“…Although many studies have shown that endogenous OT concentrations in cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) and blood can be measured reliably in humans [17], [18], [19], [20], [21], non-human primates [22], [23] and rodents [24], it is only recently that studies have measured concentration changes in CSF OT levels after intranasal administration [25], [26], [27]. Striepens and colleagues [26] have shown that both CSF and blood OT concentrations increased after OT intranasal administration in human subjects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CSF and Blood Oxytocin Concentration Changes following Intranasal Delivery in Macaque

et al. 2014

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Oxytocin (OT) in the central nervous system (CNS) influences social cognition and behavior, making it a candidate for treating clinical disorders such as schizophrenia and autism. Intranasal administration has been proposed as a possible route of delivery to the CNS for molecules like OT. While intranasal administration of OT influences social cognition and behavior, it is not well established whether this is an effective means for delivering OT to CNS targets. We administered OT or its vehicle (saline) to 15 primates (Macaca mulatta), using either intranasal spray or a nebulizer, and measured OT concentration changes in the cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) and in blood. All subjects received both delivery methods and both drug conditions. Baseline samples of blood and CSF were taken immediately before drug administration. Blood was collected every 10 minutes after administration for 40 minutes and CSF was collected once post-delivery, at the 40 minutes time point. We found that intranasal administration of exogenous OT increased concentrations in both CSF and plasma compared to saline. Both delivery methods resulted in similar elevations of OT concentration in CSF, while the changes in plasma OT concentration were greater after nasal spray compared to nebulizer. In conclusion our study provides evidence that both nebulizer and nasal spray OT administration can elevate CSF OT levels.

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“…In rats, centrally projecting OT neurons can be made tolerant to and become dependent on morphine much like peripherally projecting OT neurons. 17 This effect is mediated by µ receptors. For the peripherally projecting OT neurons, these receptors are located at the cell bodies in the hypothalamus, but the site of action of morphine on centrally projecting OT neurons is not known and could be exerted at their terminals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…17 Measurements of concentrations of peptides in the CSF, therefore, are subject to changes in fluid content within the CSF compartment, changes in CSF production rate, and changes in clearance. Adding a large volume of fluid to the intrathecal space and withdrawing a sufficient volume of CSF for assay may itself alter CSF dynamics.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4 In rats, much like the peripherally projecting OT neurons, the centrally projecting neurons appear to be subject to opioid control, but the relative importance and sites of action of the effect remain to be completely elucidated. 16,17 Most information regarding opioid interaction with OT neurons is derived from investigations using rats. Comparatively little is known about this interaction in other species.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Effect of centrally administered opioid receptor agonists on CSF and plasma oxytocin concentrations in dogs

Brown

Perkowski²,

Shofer³

et al. 2001

ajvr

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Results suggest that in male dogs, activation of centrally located mu and kappa receptors elicits an overall excitatory effect on neurons that regulate peripheral release of oxytocin, whereas activation of centrally located kappa receptors elicits an overall inhibitory effect on neurons that regulate central release. These results are in contrast to those reported for other species, in which opioids have a pronounced inhibitory effect on release of oxytocin from the neurohypophysis.

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Neurohypophysial Peptides in Cerebrospinal Fluid: An Update

Cited by 21 publications

References 57 publications

Plasticity of astrocytes of the ventral glial limitans subjacent to the supraoptic nucleus

Plasticity of astrocytes of the ventral glial limitans subjacent to the supraoptic nucleus

CSF and Blood Oxytocin Concentration Changes following Intranasal Delivery in Macaque

Effect of centrally administered opioid receptor agonists on CSF and plasma oxytocin concentrations in dogs

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