Neurogenesis in the Adult Rat: Electron Microscopic Analysis of Light Radioautographs

Kaplan, Max; Hinds, James W.

doi:10.1126/science.887941

Cited by 1,315 publications

(682 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…There are several niches in the adult brain in which NSCs persist throughout life and can respond to injurious processes [15][16][17][18]. New neurons are continuously generated in the anterior subventricular zone (SVZ) of adult rodents, from which they migrate via the rostral migratory stream to the olfactory bulb [19][20][21][22][23], and in the subgranular zone of the hippocampal dentate gyrus of both adult rodents [24][25][26][27] and humans [6,28]. The subependymal cell layer of the ventricles [29] and spinal cord [30] contains stem cells that give rise to both neurons and glia.…”

Section: Glial Progenitor Cells In the Adult Central Nervous Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell Therapy for Multiple Sclerosis

Ben‐Hur

2011

Neurotherapeutics

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The spontaneous recovery observed in the early stages of multiple sclerosis (MS) is substituted with a later progressive course and failure of endogenous processes of repair and remyelination. Although this is the basic rationale for cell therapy, it is not clear yet to what degree the MS brain is amenable for repair and whether cell therapy has an advantage in comparison to other strategies to enhance endogenous remyelination. Central to the promise of stem cell therapy is the therapeutic plasticity, by which neural precursors can replace damaged oligodendrocytes and myelin, and also effectively attenuate the autoimmune process in a local, nonsystemic manner to protect brain cells from further injury, as well as facilitate the intrinsic capacity of the brain for recovery. These fundamental immunomodulatory and neurotrophic properties are shared by stem cells of different sources. By using different routes of delivery, cells may target both affected white matter tracts and the perivascular niche where the trafficking of immune cells occur. It is unclear yet whether the therapeutic properties of transplanted cells are maintained with the duration of time. The application of neural stem cell therapy (derived from fetal brain or from human embryonic stem cells) will be realized once their purification, mass generation, and safety are guaranteed. However, previous clinical experience with bone marrow stromal (mesenchymal) stem cells and the relative easy expansion of autologous cells have opened the way to their experimental application in MS. An initial clinical trial has established the probable safety of their intravenous and intrathecal delivery. Short-term follow-up observed immunomodulatory effects and clinical benefit justifying further clinical trials.

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Section: Glial Progenitor Cells In the Adult Central Nervous Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell Therapy for Multiple Sclerosis

Ben‐Hur

2011

Neurotherapeutics

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“…However, markers to distinguish among cell types were still not available at that time (Altman and Das, 1962, 1965, 1967Altman, 1966). The next landmark was achieved by Kaplan and colleagues when they presented evidence that labeled cells in the olfactory bulb and the dentate gyrus of adult rats had the ultrastructural characteristics of neurons, namely, synapses and dendrites (Kaplan and Hinds, 1977;Kaplan, 1984). This was followed by a set of elegant experiments in the 80s showing that songbirds generate new neurons that not only integrate into the brain and form synapses but were also functionally active able to respond to stimuli (Goldman and Nottebohm, 1983;Burd and Nottebohm, 1985).…”

Section: Will the Real Cns Stem Cell Please Stand Up?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This was followed by a set of elegant experiments in the 80s showing that songbirds generate new neurons that not only integrate into the brain and form synapses but were also functionally active able to respond to stimuli (Goldman and Nottebohm, 1983;Burd and Nottebohm, 1985). Since then, neurogenesis has been identified in at least three areas: hippocampus (Altman and Das, 1965;Kaplan and Hinds, 1977;Palmer et al, 1995;Taupin et al, 2000), olfactory bulb (Hinds, 1968;Kaplan and Hinds, 1977;Luskin, 1993;Okano et al, 1993;Lois and Alvarez-Buylla, 1994), and the nasal epithelium (Graziadei and Graziadei, 1979;Calof and Chikaraishi, 1989). Nevertheless, the exact location of CNS stem cells was not identified and it was not until 1999 that two groups, with conceptually different methods, localized the CNS stem cells to the periventricular zone in the brain: the ependymal cell (Johansson et al, 1999b) and the SVZ astrocyte (type B cells) (Doetsch et al, 1999).…”

Section: Will the Real Cns Stem Cell Please Stand Up?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanism of stem cells in the central nervous system

Johansson

2003

Journal Cellular Physiology

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Injury to the central nervous system (CNS) can result in severe functional impairment. The brain and spinal cord, which constitute the CNS, have been viewed for decades as having a very limited capacity for regeneration. However, over the last several years, the body of evidence supporting the concept of regeneration and continuous renewal of neurons in specific regions of the CNS has increased. This evidence has significantly altered our perception of the CNS and has offered new hope for possible cell therapy strategies to repair lost function. Transplantation of stem cells or the recruitment of endogenous stem cells to repair specific regions of the brain or spinal cord is the next exciting research challenge. However, our understanding of the existing stem cell pool in the adult CNS remains limited. This review will discuss the identification and characterization of CNS stem cells in the adult brain and spinal cord.

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“…These cells become incorporated into the gcl and express markers of mature granule neurons, including neuron specific enolase (NSE), the calcium binding protein calbindin, the NMDA receptor subunit NR1, and Neuronal Nuclei (NeuN): within 3 weeks of DNA synthesis (Cameron et al 1993a(Cameron et al , 1993bOkano et al 1993;Kuhn et al 1996). Cells produced in adulthood receive synaptic input and extend axons into the mossy fiber pathway (Kaplan and Hinds 1977;Kaplan and Bell 1984;Stanfield and Trice 1988). Recent studies have shown that this phenomenon is common to many species of mammals.…”

Section: The Production Of Hippocampal Granule Neurons Continues Intomentioning

confidence: 99%

Serotonin and Hippocampal Neurogenesis

Gould

1999

Neuropsychopharmacology

297

114

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The role of the molecule serotonin, or 5-hydroxytryptamine, in neurotransmission has been recognized for decades. More recent studies have explored the possibility that serotonin may have structural effects on the brain both during development and in adulthood (Mazer et al. 1997;Yan et al. 1997;Watanabe et al. 1992). These studies have predominantly focused on the role of serotonin in mediating the structure of the adult brain. Our recent studies have identified a new role for serotonin in mediating the structure of the adult brain. We have found that neurogenesis in the adult mammalian dentate gyrus is enhanced by activation of serotonergic receptors (Jacobs et al. 1998).

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Neurogenesis in the Adult Rat: Electron Microscopic Analysis of Light Radioautographs

Cited by 1,315 publications

References 22 publications

Cell Therapy for Multiple Sclerosis

Cell Therapy for Multiple Sclerosis

Mechanism of stem cells in the central nervous system

Serotonin and Hippocampal Neurogenesis

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