The autonomic nervous system (ANS) receives modulatory input from high-level supra-tentorial brain structures, which affects peripheral physiological measures such as heart rate variability (HRV), respiration, and electrodermal activity (see Beissner, Meissner, Bär, & Napadow, 2013 for a meta-analysis). For instance, in the neurovisceral integration model for HRV (Thayer & Lane, 2009), neocortical areas such as the prefrontal and cingulate cortex exert tonic inhibitory control over brainstem circuitry underlying the ANS regulation. A similar cortico-limbic model has been proposed for sensorimotor integration of respiration (Evans, 2010), with an interplay of volitional respiratory control (pre-motor and supplementary motor area (SMA)) and interoceptive integration areas (anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), insula, and amygdala). These models overlap in core autonomic network areas, including the cingulate cortex, insula, and amygdala