Neuroengineering tools/applications for bidirectional interfaces, brain–computer interfaces, and neuroprosthetic implants – a review of recent progress

Rothschild, Ryan Mark

doi:10.3389/fneng.2010.00112

Cited by 61 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 88 publications

(256 reference statements)

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“…There are a variety of situations in which such devices can be of use with proposed applications in the fields of gerontology, rehabilitative medicine, psychiatry, neurology and clinical research [1]. More specifically, neural interface systems (NIS) can be used for communication [2], to restore lost functional movement [3], to reinnervate target locations for bladder control and for the treatment of neurological conditions like epilepsy [4, 5] and Parkinson’s Disease [6] among others.…”

Section: 1 Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vivo effects of L1 coating on inflammation and neuronal health at the electrode–tissue interface in rat spinal cord and dorsal root ganglion

et al. 2012

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The spinal cord (SC) and dorsal root ganglion (DRG) are target implantation regions for neural prosthetics, but the tissue-electrode interface in these regions is not well-studied. To improve our understanding of these locations, we characterized the tissue reactions around implanted electrodes. L1, an adhesion molecule shown to maintain neuronal density and reduce gliosis in brain tissue, was then evaluated in SC and DRG implants. Following L1 immobilization onto neural electrodes, the bioactivities of the coatings were verified in vitro using neuron, astrocyte and microglia cultures. Non-modified and L1-coated electrodes were implanted into adult rats for 1 or 4 weeks. Hematoxylin and eosin staining along with cell-type specific antibodies were used to characterize the tissue response. In the SC and DRG, cells aggregated at the electrode-tissue interface. Microglia staining was more intense around the implant site and decreased with distance from the interface. Neurofilament staining in both locations was decreased or absent around the implant when compared to surrounding tissue. With L1, neurofilament staining was significantly increased while neuronal cell death decreased. Our results indicate that L1-modified electrodes may result in an improved chronic neural interface and will be evaluated in recording and stimulation studies.

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Section: 1 Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vivo effects of L1 coating on inflammation and neuronal health at the electrode–tissue interface in rat spinal cord and dorsal root ganglion

et al. 2012

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“…Brain computer interfaces are becoming increasingly sophisticated and primates have been trained to feed themselves with mechanical appendages wired into the motor cortex of the brain (Yang et al, 2005;Rothschild, 2010;Nicolas-Alonso and Gomez-Gil, 2012;Pasqualotto et al, 2012). In addition, a number of devices can transduce visual data into sound (echolocation), electrotactile stimulation of the skin, or electrical stimulation of the tongue.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ectopic eyes outside the head inXenopustadpoles provide sensory data for light-mediated learning

Blackiston

Levin

2013

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARYA major roadblock in the biomedical treatment of human sensory disorders, including blindness, has been an incomplete understanding of the nervous system and its ability to adapt to changes in sensory modality. Likewise, fundamental insight into the evolvability of complex functional anatomies requires understanding brain plasticity and the interaction between the nervous system and body architecture. While advances have been made in the generation of artificial and biological replacement components, the brainʼs ability to interpret sensory information arising from ectopic locations is not well understood. We report the use of eye primordia grafts to create ectopic eyes along the body axis of Xenopus tadpoles. These eyes are morphologically identical to native eyes and can be induced at caudal locations. Cell labeling studies reveal that eyes created in the tail send projections to the stomach and trunk. To assess function we performed light-mediated learning assays using an automated machine vision and environmental control system. The results demonstrate that ectopic eyes in the tail of Xenopus tadpoles could confer vision to the host. Thus ectopic visual organs were functional even when present at posterior locations. These data and protocols demonstrate the ability of vertebrate brains to interpret sensory input from ectopic structures and incorporate them into adaptive behavioral programs. This tractable new model for understanding the robust plasticity of the central nervous system has significant implications for regenerative medicine and sensory augmentation technology.

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“…the approximate location of neurons functionally ascribed to Area 5d in previous studies (Bremner and Andersen, 2012, Cui and Andersen, 2011). The Cereport (formerly known as the “Utah” array) has been commonly used in human neuroprosthetic studies and was thus used in the present study to more closely mimic clinical techniques for recording extracellular potentials (Rothschild 2010). Neural activity was amplified, digitized, and recorded with the Cerebus neural signal processor.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parietal neural prosthetic control of a computer cursor in a graphical-user-interface task

Revechkis¹,

Aflalo²,

Kellis³

et al. 2014

J. Neural Eng.

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Objective To date, the majority of Brain Machine Interfaces have been used to perform simple tasks with sequences of individual targets in otherwise blank environments. In this study we developed a more practical and clinically relevant task that approximated modern computers and graphical user interfaces (GUIs). This task could be problematic given the known sensitivity of areas typically used for BMIs to visual stimuli, eye movements, decision-making, and attentional control. Consequently, we sought to assess the effect of a complex, GUI-like task on the quality of neural decoding. Approach A male rhesus macaque monkey was implanted with two 96-channel electrode arrays in Area 5d of the superior parietal lobule. The animal was trained to perform a GUI-like “Face in a Crowd” task on a computer screen that required selecting one cued, icon-like, face image from a group of alternatives (the “Crowd”) using a neurally controlled cursor. We assessed whether the Crowd affected decodes of intended cursor movements by comparing it to a “Crowd Off” condition in which only the matching target appeared without alternatives. We also examined if training a neural decoder with the Crowd On rather than Off had any effect on subsequent decode quality. Main Results Despite the additional demands of working with the Crowd On, the animal was able to robustly perform the task under Brain Control. The presence of the Crowd did not itself affect decode quality. Training the decoder with the Crowd On relative to Off had no negative influence on subsequent decoding performance. Additionally, the subject was able to gaze around freely without influencing cursor position. Significance Our results demonstrate that area 5d recordings can be used for decoding in a complex, GUI-like task with free gaze. Thus, this area is a promising source of signals for neural prosthetics that utilize computing devices with GUI interfaces, e.g. personal computers, mobile devices, and tablet computers.

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Neuroengineering tools/applications for bidirectional interfaces, brain–computer interfaces, and neuroprosthetic implants – a review of recent progress

Cited by 61 publications

References 88 publications

In vivo effects of L1 coating on inflammation and neuronal health at the electrode–tissue interface in rat spinal cord and dorsal root ganglion

In vivo effects of L1 coating on inflammation and neuronal health at the electrode–tissue interface in rat spinal cord and dorsal root ganglion

Ectopic eyes outside the head inXenopustadpoles provide sensory data for light-mediated learning

Parietal neural prosthetic control of a computer cursor in a graphical-user-interface task

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