“…Systemic treatment or MPOA application of DHT alone is not effective in promoting male copulatory behaviors in castrated male rats (Davidson, 1969). In contrast, treatment of castrated males with E2 alone restores appreciable levels of male sexual behavior, while treatment with E2 and DHT together activate all components of male sexual behavior and are as effective as T (Baum, 2007; Christensen & Clemens, 1974; Feder, Naftolin, & Ryan, 1974). Complementary studies demonstrated that aromatase inhibitors or estrogen receptor antagonists dramatically inhibited male sexual behaviors when given systemically or applied centrally (Beyer, Morali, Naftolin, Larsson, & Perez-Palacios, 1976; Bonsall, Clancy, & Michael, 1992; Christensen & Clemens, 1975; Clancy, Zumpe, & Michael, 1995; Luttge, 1975; Roselli, Cross, Poonyagariyagorn, & Stadelman, 2003; Vagell & McGinnis, 1997).…”