Neuroendocrine tumours (carcinoids) of the appendix

Stinner, B.; Rothmund, M.

doi:10.1016/j.bpg.2005.06.003

Cited by 80 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…These tumours frequently arise at the tip of the appendix [6] and are reportedly the most common tumours of the appendix [2,7] . Gaskin et al [8] in a previous study of carcinoids of the gastrointestinal tract from our institution reported that the appendix was the most common location with a similar mean age to that documented in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Primary epithelial tumours of the appendix in a black population: A review of cases

Graham¹,

Williams²,

West³

2009

WJG

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AIM:To determine the prevalence, histologic types and clinical features of primary epithelial tumours of the vermiform appendix in a predominantly black population. METHODS:All cases of primary tumours of the appendix identified by review of the histopathology records at the University of the West Indies between January 1987 and June 2007 were selected. Relevant pathologic and clinical data were extracted with supplementation from patient charts where available. Non-epithelial tumours were excluded. The total number of appendectomy specimens over the period was also ascertained. RESULTS:Forty-two primary epithelial tumours were identified out of 6 824 appendectomies yielding a prevalence rate of approximately 0.62%. Welldifferentiated neuroendocrine cell tumours (carcinoids, 47.6%) and benign non-endocrine cell tumours (adenomas, 45.2%) were most common with nearly equal frequency. The median age was 43 years, with no sex predilection. Carcinoid tumours occurred in younger patients (mean age 32 years), with a male-to-female ratio of 1.2:1. A clinical diagnosis of acute appendicitis was the most common reason for appendectomy (57.1%) and was histologically confirmed in 75% (18 of 24) of cases. In total, 16.7% of cases were diagnosed after incidental appendectomy. CONCLUSION:Appendiceal epithelial tumours are rare in our experience, and are represented principally by carcinoid tumours and adenomas. Carcinoid tumours occurred in younger patients but were slightly more common in men than women. Tumours were not suspected clinically and were diagnosed incidentally in specimens submitted for acute appendicitis supporting the need for histological evaluation in all resection specimens.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Importantly, where lesions are identified in the gross assessment of the specimen, they should be measured. Appendectomy is appropriate for lesions [3,6] . There remains controversy around what is the appropriate treatment for lesions between 1-2 cm.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary epithelial tumours of the appendix in a black population: A review of cases

Graham¹,

Williams²,

West³

2009

WJG

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“…In one small retrospective study of patients with tumours !1 cm in which a simple appendicectomy was performed, no patient was found to have evidence of residual disease or recurrence after a median follow-up period of 5 years (range: 6 months-15 years) (Murray et al 2014). Several studies report metastatic rates as low as 0-1% in tumours measuring 1-2 cm as opposed to tumours O2 cm, which may develop mostly regional metastases in 20-85% (Stinner et al 1996, Stinner & Rothmund 2005, Mullen & Savarese 2011. Concerning tumour size, early studies reported that no patient with a tumour !2 cm treated with a simple appendicectomy developed recurrent or metastatic disease after a median follow-up period O26 years, while a moderate degree of local invasion was not associated with an adverse overall prognosis (Moertel et al 1987).…”

Section: Histopathological Features Used To Identify High-risk Neoplasmsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…These cells are more numerous at the tip of the appendix, as opposed to epithelial NE cells, which are equally distributed at all sites within the appendix; the density of these NE cells is low in infancy and increases with age (Shaw 1991). The distinctive features of these tumours compared to NENs originating from other sites may be attributed to their different origin and may relate to their more favourable prognosis and indolent course (Shaw 1990, 1991, Stinner & Rothmund 2005. Their subepithelial origin may also explain their smaller size and younger age at presentation, along with unique histopathological features such as S-100 expression (Goddard & Lonsdale 1992, Moyana & Satkunam 1992.…”

Section: Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Appendiceal neuroendocrine neoplasms: diagnosis and management

Alexandraki¹,

Kaltsas²,

Grozinsky‐Glasberg³

et al. 2015

Endocrine-Related Cancer

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Gastrointestinal neuroendocrine neoplasms (GI-NENs) are increasingly being recognised, while appendiceal NENs (aNENs) currently constitute the third most common GI-NEN. Appendiceal NENs are generally considered to follow an indolent course with the majority being localised at diagnosis. Thus, the initial surgical approach is not that of a planned oncological resection. Due to the localised nature of the disease in the majority of cases, subsequent biochemical and radiological assessment are not routinely recommended. Histopathological criteria (size, mesoappendiceal invasion, Ki-67 proliferation index, neuroand angio-invasion) are mainly used to identify those patients who are also candidates for a right hemicolectomy. Goblet cell carcinoids are a distinct entity and should be treated as adenocarcinomas. Despite the absence of any substantial prospective data regarding optimal management and follow-up, recent consensus statements and guidelines have been published. The purpose of this review is to overview the published studies on the diagnosis and management of appendiceal NENs and to suggest a possible management protocol.

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“…Neuroendocrine tumors of the appendix are the most common primary malignant lesion originating in the appendix and are found in 0.3-0.9 % of patients undergoing appendectomy [1,2]. Generally neoplasms of the appendix are found in 0.9-1.4 % of all appendectomy specimens [3], and the carcinoid tumors have the highest prevalence accounting for 32-57 % (up to 85 %) of all appendiceal neoplasms [4][5][6].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroendocrine Tumour, Mucinous Adenocarcinoma and Signet-Ring Cell Carcinoma of the Appendix: Three Cases and Review of Literature

Ploenes

Börner²,

Kirkpatrick

et al. 2012

Indian J Surg

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Appendiceal neoplasms are relatively common tumours. Although these tumours are often associated with signs and symptoms of acute appendicitis, most appendiceal neoplasms are clinically silent. Appendiceal neoplasms are found in 0.7 to 1.4 per cent of all appendectomy specimens. The classification of these tumours is still confusing and precise treatment methods for these neoplasms remain unclear. First choice therapy of these neoplasms is still a surgical treatment and the type of operative procedure is determined by histology and metatstatic risk. Here, we report three cases of appendiceal neoplasms and make a short review of literature.

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Neuroendocrine tumours (carcinoids) of the appendix

Cited by 80 publications

References 28 publications

Primary epithelial tumours of the appendix in a black population: A review of cases

Primary epithelial tumours of the appendix in a black population: A review of cases

Appendiceal neuroendocrine neoplasms: diagnosis and management

Neuroendocrine Tumour, Mucinous Adenocarcinoma and Signet-Ring Cell Carcinoma of the Appendix: Three Cases and Review of Literature

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