Neuroendocrine tumors of the thymus: a clinicopathological and prognostic study

Gal, Anthony A.; Kornstein, Michael J.; Cohen, Cynthia; Duarte, Ignacio; Miller, Joseph I.; Mansour, Kamal A.

doi:10.1016/s0003-4975(01)03032-6

Cited by 84 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The high expression of somatostatin receptors by thymomas and their avid uptake of radiolabelled octreotide led to the possible therapeutic option of octreotide with predisolone and can lead to objective response [32]. Its role in thymic carcinomas has not been evaluated specifically and role in NETs has been reported in small series & case reports.…”

Section: Somatostatin Analoguesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Thymic Tumors

Bushan

Sharma

Verma

2013

Indian J Surg Oncol

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Thymic tumors represent 0.2-1.5 % of all malignancies with an incidence of 0.15 per 100,000 population. Thymic tumors are most common tumors of the anterior mediastinum accounting for 20 % of all mediastinal tumors and 50 % of all anterior mediastinal tumors. Over 90 % of all thymic tumors occur in anterior mediastinum, remainder occurring in neck or other mediastinal areas especially aortopulmonary window and retro cardiac area which are common sites for ectopic thymic tissues and possible explanation for failure in some cases of simple thymectomy to improve Myasthenia Gravis(MG). The aim of this review is to discuss histologic classification, diagnostic features, evaluation, management and prognosis of thymic tumors.

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Section: Somatostatin Analoguesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Thymic Tumors

Bushan

Sharma

Verma

2013

Indian J Surg Oncol

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“…9 Additional clinical and pathological data for most of the cases previously have been reported in publications from both institutions. 2,13,14 Clinical follow-up was obtained in each case; duration of survival and outcome were recorded. The cases were staged according to the criteria proposed by Masaoka et al: 15 Stage 1: macroscopically completely encapsulated and microscopically no capsular invasion; Stage 2a: macroscopic invasion into surrounding fatty tissue mediastinal pleura or both; Stage 2b: microscopic invasion into capsule; Stage 3: macroscopic invasion into a neighboring organ (pericardium, great vessel, lung, etc); Stage 4a: pleural and/ or pericardial dissemination; Stage 4b: lymphogenous and/or hematogenous metastasis.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3] On occasion, thymic neuroendocrine tumors secrete adrenocorticotrophic hormone leading to Cushing's syndrome. 4 Rarely, these tumors can be associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia syndromes.…”

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confidence: 99%

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p53, cellular proliferation, and apoptosis-related factors in thymic neuroendocrine tumors

et al. 2004

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Thymic neuroendocrine tumors are biologically aggressive neoplasms with extensive local invasion and high mortality. Although various markers of cellular proliferation and apoptosis have correlated with degrees of tumor differentiation in pulmonary neuroendocrine neoplasms, they have not been systematically studied in thymic neuroendocrine tumors. We immunostained 21 cases of thymic neuroendocrine tumors for p53, MIB-1, and the apoptosis-related markers Bcl-2, Bcl-x, and Bax. By histological classification the cases were low-grade (nine cases), intermediate-grade (eight cases), and high-grade (four cases) thymic neuroendocrine tumors. p53 was expressed in five cases: 1/9 low grade, 3/8 intermediate grade, and 2/4 high grade. The mean cellular proliferation (MIB-1) was 7.1% (range 2-12%) in low-grade thymic neuroendocrine tumors, 6.1% (range 2-15%) in intermediate-grade thymic neuroendocrine tumors, and 34.2% (range 2-80%) in high-grade thymic neuroendocrine tumors. Bcl-2 was expressed in 16 cases: 7/9 low grade, 5/8 intermediate grade, and 4/4 high grade. Bcl-x was expressed in 16 cases: 7/9 low grade, 6/8 intermediate grade, and 3/4 high grade. Bax was expressed in 13 cases: 5/9 low grade, 4/8 intermediate grade, and 4/4 high grade. The presence of mutant p53 in the tumor was associated with a statistically significant decreased mean survival (Po0.05). In contrast, either by positive or negative staining or by the score technique (staining intensity Â percentage of cells staining), the presence of Bcl-x was associated with an increased mean survival (Po0.05). Finally, a Bcl-x : Bax ratio Z1 was also associated with an increased mean survival, as compared to a Bcl-x : Bax ratio Z1 (Po0.05). Our study shows that p53 expression and certain apoptosis markers correlate with survival. The expression of these markers may account for differences in biological behavior.

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“…Compared with bronchopulmonary carcinoid, primary NETs of the mediastinum are characterized by a poorer prognosis due to their high propensity for local recurrence and earlier distant metastases (12). The role of chemotherapy is debated; in this case chemotherapy was effective, having determined a reduction of tumor size and a decrease of proliferation rate.…”

Section: A B C Dmentioning

confidence: 99%