Neuroendocrine Tumors of the Lung

Weissferdt, Annikka

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-36438-0_13

Cited by 1 publication

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“…In addition to the common diffuse sheet-like growth pattern, SCLC tumor can demonstrate other growth features as peripheral palisading, streams, ribbons, organoid nesting, and rosettes [ 18 , 23 ]. Another characteristic feature is the frequent basophilic nuclear debris encrustation of the blood vessel wall, widely known as Azzopardi effect ( Figure 4 ) [ 25 , 26 ]. Larger specimens may present a variety of cellular characteristics like larger cells, pleomorphic cells, giant tumor cells, and dispersed chromatin with prominent nucleoli, among others.…”

Section: Microscopic Features Of Sclcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathology and Classification of SCLC

Raso

Bota-Rabassedas

Wistuba

2021

Cancers

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Lung cancer is consistently the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, and it ranks as the second most frequent type of new cancer cases diagnosed in the United States, both in males and females. One subtype of lung cancer, small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC), is an aggressive, poorly differentiated, and high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma that accounts for 13% of all lung carcinomas. SCLC is the most frequent neuroendocrine lung tumor, and it is commonly presented as an advanced stage disease in heavy smokers. Due to its clinical presentation, it is typically diagnosed in small biopsies or cytology specimens, with routine immunostaining only. However, immunohistochemistry markers are extremely valuable in demonstrating neuroendocrine features of SCLC and supporting its differential diagnosis. The 2015 WHO classification grouped all pulmonary neuroendocrine carcinomas in one category and maintained the SCLC combined variant that was previously recognized. In this review, we explore multiple aspects of the pathologic features of this entity, as well as clinically relevant immunohistochemistry markers expression and its molecular characteristics. In addition, we will focus on characteristics of the tumor microenvironment, and the latest pathogenesis findings to better understand the new therapeutic options in the current era of personalized therapy.

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