Neuroendocrine syndrome in bronchial carcinoid tumors

Abstract

Pulmonary carcinoid tumors represent bronchopulmonary neuroendocrine neoplasms which might synthetize serotonin, histamine, bombesin or other types of hormones responsible for the development of a broad spectrum of signs and symptoms, known as carcinoid syndrome. Data of 98 patients submitted to surgery for bronchial carcinoid tumors in the Thoracic Surgery Clinic of the 'Marius Nasta' Institute of Pneumophtisiology between 2014 and 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. All patients were submitted to paraclinical tests, imagistic studies (computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging), bronchoscopy and biopsy in order to have a positive diagnostic of pulmonary carcinoid. The most common clinical symptoms at the time of presentation were: Persistent cough followed by dyspnea and recurrent pulmonary infections. The main neuroendocrine syndromes found were Cushing and Carcinoid Syndrome. All patients were submitted to surgery with curative intent consisting of wedge resection (in 4 cases, 4.08%), lobectomy (in 79 cases, 80.61%), bilobectomy (in 5 cases, 5.1%) and pneumonectomy respectively (in 10 cases, 10.2%). In all cases neuroendocrine specific symptoms disappeared once the carcinoid tumor was removed. In conclusion, bronchial carcinoid tumors have a positive outcome in most cases. Specific neuroendocrine markers as well as neuroendocrine syndrome disappears once the tumor is removed.

Primary Leiomyoma of the Visceral Pleura: An Unexpected Occurrence

“…Histology presents leiomyoma as being formed of smooth muscle cells with benign characteristics, no necrosis and reduced mitotic activity. Immunohistochemistry is intensely positive for smooth muscle actin (SMA), desmin and vimentin and negative for human melanoma black 45 (HMB-45), cluster of differentiation 117 (CD117) and protein S-100, with a low proliferation index Ki67 in the tumoral cells (31)(32)(33).…”

Lung neuroendocrine tumors: A systematic literature review (Review)

“…Generally, their localization, type, dimensions and aggressiveness determine the clinical features of LNETs. The main clinical manifestations of carcinoid tumors are coughing, dyspnea, recurrent respiratory infections and hemoptysis (29). Peripheral LNETs are generally asymptomatic and are discovered accidentally.…”

A Rare Case of Neuroendocrine Tumor in a Patient With Neurofibromatosis Type 1: Is There Any Association?

“…Surgical resection with maximal preservation of the lung parenchyma is the treatment of choice in stages I and II CT and atypical carcinoid (CA). In the case of tumors of peripheral location, a segmentectomy or a lobectomy with regional lymphadenectomy should be performed [10][11][12][13][14]. Interventional bronchoscopy is reserved for patients with a high surgical risk.…”

“…The clinical presentation of pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors is variable depending on the location, type, and size of each tumor. Nevertheless, the most frequent clinical manifestations in the case of carcinoid tumors are dyspnea, cough, chronic respiratory infections, and hemoptysis [ 11 ]. Our patient presented to our department with progressive dyspnea which worsened two months earlier, associated with dry cough and xerostomia.…”

“…Our patient presented to our department with progressive dyspnea which worsened two months earlier, associated with dry cough and xerostomia. In the case of peripheral pulmonary carcinoid, the clinical picture is generally asymptomatic with most often accidental discovery [ 11 ]. Although not common, paraneoplastic syndromes can appear.…”