Neuroendocrine neoplasms of the gallbladder: A single institute analysis of outcomes and prognostic factors

Abstract

IntroductionNeuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are classified as neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs), and mixed neuroendocrine and nonneuroendocrine neoplasms (MiNENs) according to World Health Organization classification. We present our experience of NENs of the gallbladder (GB) from a high‐volume cancer hospital.Materials and MethodsThe present study is a retrospective analysis of all patients with GB NENs who presented between January 2015 and June 2023. The patient details and treatment received with follow‐up were noted. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS).ResultsA total of 147 patients were included in the study. The median age was 52 (27–81) years. There was a female predominance (70.7%). NEC was the most common subtype (84.4%) followed by MiNEN (12.9%) and NET (2.7%). The most common stage at presentation was metastatic (70.7%) followed by locally advanced (21.8%), and early disease (7.5%). The median follow‐up was 9.92 (1.77–76.06) months. Median OS was 6.14 (3.93–8.35) months. Median OS in patients who received multimodality treatment was 20.20 (17.99–22.41) months versus 4.00 (2.91–5.10) months in those who did not receive it.ConclusionGB NENs are rare, but aggressive tumors with NEC being the most common type. Multimodality treatment yields favorable outcomes. However, the development of better systemic therapy is needed to help improve survival further.

Neuroendocrine carcinoma of the gallbladder: A case report and literature review

“…[ 26 ] Patients with gallbladder neuroendocrine tumors have poor prognoses, with a mOS of 20.20 (17.99 – 22.41) months for those receiving multimodal therapy, compared to 4.00 (2.91–5.10) months for those not receiving multimodal therapy. [ 27 ] Surgery by itself was linked to improved short-term (<2 years) result survival, whereas surgery in combination with radiation and adjuvant chemotherapy was related with better long-term (5 years) outcomes. [ 28 ]…”