Neuroendocrine Influencers and Associated Factors That Shape Jaw Movement and Growth in Temporomandibular Joint Disorder Management: A Systematic Review of Clinical and Radiographic Evidence

Abstract

Objective. To investigate the influence of endogenous and exogenous neuroendocrine analogues on the range and motion of jaw movement, mandibular growth, and factors affecting condylar guidance in patients with temporomandibular joint disorders using clinical assessment and radiographic imaging. Material and Methods. Eligible articles were extracted from eleven databases in early 2023 and screened following PRISMA protocols. Certainty of evidence and potential biases were assessed using the GRADE approach. Results. Nineteen articles were screened, with four deemed to be of high quality, eight of moderate quality, and the remaining seven of low to very low quality. Corticosteroids improve maximal incisal opening but not TMJ disorder symptoms. Higher doses worsen jaw movement and cause osseous deformity. Growth hormone affects occlusal development, and delayed treatment affects arch width. Sex hormone correlation with TMJ disorder is complex, with some studies showing a correlation between menstrual cycle phases and pain/limited mobility. Conclusions. The evaluation of neuroendocrine influencers in relation to jaw movement in patients with temporomandibular joint disorders involves the complex interplay of potentially confounding factors that each require careful consideration to ensure accurate diagnoses and evaluations.

Variables Associated with Jaw Clicking in a South Australian Population: A Cross-Sectional Study

“…Predisposing medical conditions and subsequently prescribed medication can alter the physiology of jaw kinematics [2]. Estrogen and progesterone supplements, frequently prescribed to female participants, have been demonstrated in several instances to alter jaw kinematics [2]. Vitamin D deficiency, contributing to 14.97% of the incidences of jaw clicking in the current study, affects one third of the Australian population [30].…”

“…Predisposing medical conditions and subsequently prescribed medication can alter the physiology of jaw kinematics [2]. Estrogen and progesterone supplements, frequently prescribed to female participants, have been demonstrated in several instances to alter jaw kinematics [2].…”

“…Occlusal therapy encompasses any dental procedure that alters the alignment of the teeth when in occlusion [1]. Jaw movement and TMJ function are influenced by a multitude of factors, including genetics, heredity, and environmental variables [2]. Dental and medical interventions, such as occlusal therapy following restorative and orthodontic procedures, also contribute to alterations in jaw movement kinematics [1].…”

A 3D printed electronic wearable device to generate vertical, horizontal and phono-articulatory jaw movement parameters: A concept implementation

“…Inflammatory disorders such as osteoarthritis can restrict bony translation as well as generate resistive muscle tension [ 16 ]. Historically, drastic changes in jaw movement have been reportedly caused by a shallow compensating curve, shortened dental arch, trauma, TMD and severe changes to occlusal facets, condylar guidance and certain neuroendocrine conditions [ 17 , 18 ]. The current study found participant 2 to have shorter quantitative maximum mouth opening cycles, leading to more frequent movement cycles per 5 seconds, consistent with their clinical presentations while normal mouth opening cycles were seemingly unaffected.…”

Predictive modelling of freeway space utilising clinical history, normalised muscle activity, dental occlusion, and mandibular movement analysis

“…Figure 1 demonstrates the steps of clinical data collection for the study and are explained in the subsections below. Prior to conducting the current research, systematic reviews were conducted on the most common sources of biases arising from human and device-dependent factors in jaw tracking and AI-based decisions concerning the temporomandibular joint complex 2 , 5 , 8 , 9 . The current research evaluations build upon a systematic series of prior investigations, documented in the following subsections.…”