Neuroendocrine Dysfunction in Galactorrhea-Amenorrhea After Oral Contraceptive Use

Tyson, John E.; Andreasson, Barbara; Huth, J.; Smith, Beverly; Zacur, Howard

doi:10.1097/00006250-197507000-00001

Cited by 73 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Measurement of serum prolactin concentration is now an essential part of the routine investigation of patients with suspected hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction (Friesen et al, 1972;Kleinberg et al, 1977); indeed, hyperprolactinaemia is probably the most frequent hypothalamic-pituitary disorder seen in clinical practice, commonly presenting with amenorrhoea and infertility in women and impotence in men (Friesen and Hwang, 1973;Tyson et al, 1975). Gross abnormalities of prolactin secretion are readily detected by the measurement of basal prolactin levels, and, in general, the higher the level, thegreater the chance that the patient has a prolactinsecreting adenoma (Kleinberg et al, 1977).…”

Section: Physiological Egmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory Assessment of Prolactin Status

et al. 1979

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SUMMARYThe laboratory assessment of prolactin status was evaluated by detailed study of 921 subjects (587 normal subjects and 334 patients with pathological conditions). The effect on serum prolactin levels of age, sex, circadian rhythm, pulsatility of secretion, stress, drug ingestion, and pregnancy was defined in normal subjects. The normal prolactin responses to stimulation (TRH, metoclopramide) and suppression (t-dopa, bromocriptine) were also determined. Basal prolactin levels were measured in patients with defined pathological conditions including prolactinoma, idiopathic hyperprolactinaemia, acromegaly, Cushing's disease, chronic renal failure, primary hypothyroidism, pituitary ablation, Kallman's syndrome, Nelson's syndrome, growth hormone deficiency, gonadotrophin deficiency, craniopharyngioma, panhypopituitarism, and chronic progressive arthropathy. Based on these data, a strategy for the routine laboratory assessment of prolactin status is outlined. NORMAL SUBJECTS

show abstract

Section: Physiological Egmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory Assessment of Prolactin Status

et al. 1979

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…No entanto, Tyson et al, 1975 chamavam a atenção para sua associação com sintomas psiquiátricos. Ansiedade, somatização, hostilidade e/ou depressão foram, a partir dessa época, relacionadas com hiperprolactinemia (Fava et al, 1981;Kellner et al;1984;Keller et al, 1985).…”

Section: Hiperprolactinemia E Psiquismounclassified

Estados hiperprolactinêmicos: inter-relações com o psiquismo

Nahás

Nahás-Neto

Pontes

et al. 2006

Rev. psiquiatr. clín.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ResumoA hiperprolactinemia é o distúrbio endócrino mais freqüente do eixo hipotálamo-hipofisário, observado em mulheres na idade reprodutiva. Caracteriza-se pela elevação consistente dos valores plasmáticos de prolactina. A regulação da produção da prolactina dá-se por meio da ação inibitória de um neurotransmissor, a dopamina. As manifestações clínicas são distúrbios do ciclo menstrual, amenorréia, galactorréia, infertilidade e diminuição da libido. Entretanto, sintomas psicológicos, especialmente ansiedade e depressão, têm sido associados à hiperprolactinemia. Contudo, há poucos estudos clínicos publicados sobre o tema. O papel da prolactina na patogênese dos distúrbios psiquiátricos pode refletir ação direta sobre o sistema nervoso central, efeito indireto por meio dos hormônios gonadais ou constituir fatores independentes, resultantes da depleção de dopamina. Assim, detectada a prevalência de distúrbios psiquiátricos em pacientes com hiperprolactinemia, conclui-se pela necessidade de maior número de pesquisas que investiguem as bases da possível inter-relação entre os estados hiperprolactinêmicos e o psiquismo.Palavras-chaves: Hiperprolactinemia, psiquismo, dopamina. AbstractHyperprolactinemia is the most frequent endocrine disorder of the hypothalamus-hypophysis axis observed in women of reproductive age. It is characterized by elevated serum prolactin levels. Prolactin production is regulated by the inhibitory action of a neurotransmitter, dopamine. Clinical manifestations include irregular menstrual cycle, amenorrhea, galactorrhea, infertility and libido decrease, but psychological symptoms, especially anxiety and depression, have also been associated with hyperprolactinemia. Nonetheless, few studies about this condition are available. In the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders, prolactin may have either a direct action on the central nerve system or an indirect effect via gonadal hormones or function as independent factors as a result of dopamine depletion. Thus, since the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in patients with hyperprolactinemia was detected, it was concluded that further studies are necessary to investigate the basis of a potential relationship between both hyperprolactinemic and psychiatric conditions.

show abstract

“…However, use of drugs such as oral contraceptives (18) or tranquilizers (19) may result in secondary amenorrhea. Stopping the drug will result in resumption of menses in some of these women.…”

Section: Treatment Of Infertilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Infertility in Women

Ross¹

1978

Environmental Health Perspectives

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Fertility results from coordinate functioning of components of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovariangenital axis. In normal women, ovarian sex steroid hormones act as the mediators of these interactions.Infertility is a clinical manifestation of the failure of one or more of the components to function appropriately. Determining the locus of dysfunction provides the basis for rational treatment. For these purposes, both direct measurement of serum hormone levels and assessments of target organ function are utilized.

show abstract

Neuroendocrine Dysfunction in Galactorrhea-Amenorrhea After Oral Contraceptive Use

Cited by 73 publications

References 0 publications

Laboratory Assessment of Prolactin Status

Laboratory Assessment of Prolactin Status

Estados hiperprolactinêmicos: inter-relações com o psiquismo

Clinical Infertility in Women

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About