Neuroendocrine control of the onset of puberty

Plant, Tony M.

doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2015.04.002

Cited by 170 publications

(154 citation statements)

References 155 publications

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“…There are several obvious possibilities to explain the difference in the LH response to substance P administration in juvenile monkeys (present study) and men [5]. First, in the juvenile monkey, the GnRH pulse generator is restrained by a developmental control system [51], while in the men studied by Coiro et al [5] GnRH pulse generation was presumably robust. Second, in the present study substance P was administered as an iv bolus but in men the peptide was iv infused for one hour.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

The Distribution of Substance P and Kisspeptin in the Mediobasal Hypothalamus of the Male Rhesus Monkey and a Comparison of Intravenous Administration of These Peptides to Release GnRH as Reflected by LH Secretion

Kalil¹,

Ramaswamy

Plant

2015

Neuroendocrinology

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Substance P (SP) was recently reported to be expressed in human kisspeptin/neurokinin B/dynorphin (KNDy) neurons and to enhance KNDy neuron excitability in the mouse hypothalamus. We therefore examined (1) interactions of SP and kisspeptin in the mediobasal hypothalamus of adult male rhesus monkeys using immunofluorescence, and (2) the ability of SP to induce LH release in GnRH-primed, agonadal juvenile male monkeys. SP cell bodies were observed only occasionally in the arcuate nucleus (Arc), but more frequently dorsal to the Arc in the region of the premammillary nucleus. Castration resulted in an increase in the number of SP cell bodies in the Arc but not in the other regions. SP fibers innervated the Arc, where they were found in close apposition with kisspeptin perikarya in the periphery of this nucleus. Beaded SP axons projected to the median eminence, where they terminated in the external layer and intermingled with beaded kisspeptin axons. Colocalization of the two peptides, however, was not observed. Although close apposition between SP fibers and kisspeptin neurons suggest a role for SP in modulating GnRH pulse generator activity, i.v. injections of SP failed to elicit release of GnRH (as reflected by LH) in the juvenile monkey. Although the finding of structural interactions between SP and kisspeptin neurons is consistent with the notion that this tachykinin may be involved in regulating pulsatile GnRH release, the apparent absence of expression of SP in KNDy neurons suggests that this peptide is unlikely to be a fundamental component of the primate GnRH pulse generator.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

The Distribution of Substance P and Kisspeptin in the Mediobasal Hypothalamus of the Male Rhesus Monkey and a Comparison of Intravenous Administration of These Peptides to Release GnRH as Reflected by LH Secretion

Kalil¹,

Ramaswamy

Plant

2015

Neuroendocrinology

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“…Kisspeptin, being a potent inducer of GnRH, conveys the adipose tissue signal for the initiation of puberty. 51,52 Some mammals become fertile only during the annual breeding season which is controlled by the duration of daylight. During the short winter days, these animals have reduced hypothalamic concentrations of kisspeptin and thus their sexual activity is low.…”

Section: Kisspeptin In Puberty and Seasonal Breedingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of adipose tissue-derived factors on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis

Tsatsanis

Dermitzaki

Avgoustinaki

et al. 2015

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Adipose tissue produces factors, including adipokines, cytokines and chemokines which, when released, systemically exert endocrine effects on multiple tissues thereby affecting their physiology. Adipokines also affect the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis both centrally, at the hypothalamic-pituitary level, and peripherally acting on the gonads themselves. Among the adipokines, leptin, adiponectin, resistin, chemerin and the peptide kisspeptin have pleiotropic actions on the HPG axis affecting male and female fertility. Furthermore, adipokines and adipose tissue-produced factors readily affect the immune system resulting in inflammation, which in turn impact the HPG axis, thus evidencing a link between metabolic inflammation and fertility. In this review we provide an overview of the existing extensive bibliography on the crosstalk between adipose tissue-derived factors and the HPG axis, with particular focus on the impact of obesity and the metabolic syndrome on gonadal function and fertility.

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“…In primates, GnRH pulsatility is 374 increased after birth and this is followed by a decline in late infancy and during juvenile 375 development, maintaining gonadal quiescence until the onset of puberty (Plant and Witchel,376 inhibitory GABAergic tone, and the reduction of GABA inhibition reactivates GnRH 378 pulsatility and triggers puberty (Terasawa, 2005). In contrast to primates, postnatal GnRH 379 release in rodents is negligible and its levels increase prior to puberty, likely reflective of the 380 final stages of maturation of the GnRH circuitry rather than the reactivation of the prenatally-381 established circuitry that occurs in primates (Plant, 2015). induced by low quality maternal care predicts early puberty onset, but, interestingly, also 472 higher sexual receptivity and increased fecundity.…”

Section: Stress Circuitry 283mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hormonal and nutritional regulation of postnatal hypothalamic development

Sominsky

Jasoni

Twigg

et al. 2018

Journal of Endocrinology

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The hypothalamus is a key centre for regulation of vital physiological functions, such as appetite, stress responsiveness and reproduction. Development of the different hypothalamic nuclei and its major neuronal populations begins prenatally in both altricial and precocial species, with the fine tuning of neuronal connectivity and attainment of adult function established postnatally and maintained throughout adult life. The perinatal period is highly susceptible to environmental insults that, by disrupting critical developmental processes, can set the tone for the establishment of adult functionality. Here, we review the most recent knowledge regarding the major postnatal milestones in the development of metabolic, stress and reproductive hypothalamic circuitries, in the rodent, with a particular focus on perinatal programming of these circuitries by hormonal and nutritional influences. We also review the evidence for the continuous development of the hypothalamus in the adult brain, through changes in neurogenesis, synaptogenesis and epigenetic modifications. This degree of plasticity has encouraging implications for the ability of the hypothalamus to at least partially reverse the effects of perinatal mal-programming.

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Neuroendocrine control of the onset of puberty

Cited by 170 publications

References 155 publications

The Distribution of Substance P and Kisspeptin in the Mediobasal Hypothalamus of the Male Rhesus Monkey and a Comparison of Intravenous Administration of These Peptides to Release GnRH as Reflected by LH Secretion

The Distribution of Substance P and Kisspeptin in the Mediobasal Hypothalamus of the Male Rhesus Monkey and a Comparison of Intravenous Administration of These Peptides to Release GnRH as Reflected by LH Secretion

The impact of adipose tissue-derived factors on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis

Hormonal and nutritional regulation of postnatal hypothalamic development

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