Neuroendocrine‐Autonomic Integration in the <scp>Paraventricular Nucleus</scp>: Novel Roles for Dendritically Released Neuropeptides

Stern, Javier E.

doi:10.1111/jne.12252

Cited by 47 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 107 publications

(128 reference statements)

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“…Because of these features, the PVN is a useful system for studying communication within and between different neuronal populations in the brain (218, 220), and particularly the role of neuropeptides in this process.…”

Section: The Hypothalamo-neurohypophysial Peptide Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dendritic Release of Neurotransmitters

Ludwig

Apps

Menzies

et al. 2016

Comprehensive Physiology

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Release of neuroactive substances by exocytosis from dendrites is surprisingly widespread and is not confined to a particular class of transmitters: it occurs in multiple brain regions, and includes a range of neuropeptides, classical neurotransmitters and signaling molecules such as nitric oxide, carbon monoxide, ATP and arachidonic acid. This review is focused on hypothalamic neuroendocrine cells that release vasopressin and oxytocin and midbrain neurons that release dopamine. For these two model systems, the stimuli, mechanisms and physiological functions of dendritic release have been explored in greater detail than is yet available for other neurons and neuroactive substances.

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Section: The Hypothalamo-neurohypophysial Peptide Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dendritic Release of Neurotransmitters

Ludwig

Apps

Menzies

et al. 2016

Comprehensive Physiology

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“…However, the prototypes for hormone-like signalling within the brain are many neuropeptides, including vasopressin and oxytocin, released from their somata and dendrites. They are public announcements; they are messages not from one cell to another, but rather a message that is directed from one population of neurons to another [7][8][9].2. The hypothalamo-neurohypophysial axis: a model system to study dendritic peptide release…”

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confidence: 99%

Multiple signalling modalities mediated by dendritic exocytosis of oxytocin and vasopressin

Ludwig

Stern

2015

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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The mammalian hypothalamic magnocellular neurons of the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei are among the best understood of all peptidergic neurons. Through their anatomical features, vasopressin-and oxytocincontaining neurons have revealed many important aspects of dendritic functions. Here, we review our understanding of the mechanisms of somato-dendritic peptide release, and the effects of autocrine, paracrine and hormone-like signalling on neuronal networks and behaviour. Of secret messages and public announcementsForms of information processing and intercellular communication in the brain may be classified, at least in part, according to distinct spatio-temporal features. At one end of the spectrum is classical chemical synaptic transmission. Chemical synapses are structurally organized units with a well-defined physical substrate and have evolved to transfer information between pairs of neurons efficiently, in a precise, spatially constrained and rapid manner. The strength and time course of this 'hard-wired' communication is dependent on the probability of presynaptic transmitter release, the affinity of the postsynaptic receptors for the transmitter, the density of postsynaptic receptors clustered at highly specialized sites, and the rate of diffusion/uptake of the neurotransmitter at/from the synaptic cleft [1][2][3][4].At the opposite end of the spatio-temporal spectrum, paracrine or hormonelike signalling modalities mediate transfer of information between entire populations of neurons, which in some cases may be located relatively distant from each other, acting in a more diffuse, less spatially constrained manner and on a slower time scale. In the hard-wired chemical synapse, the 'secrecy' of the communication is largely determined by the spatially constrained structure of the synapse. Conversely, in paracrine transmission, specificity is solely determined by the specificity of the signal -receptor interaction. Examples of signalling mechanisms acting at more distant sites include release of catecholamines and acetylcholine from en passant boutons on axonal segments [5], and gaseous neurotransmitters, including nitric oxide and carbon monoxide [6]. However, the prototypes for hormone-like signalling within the brain are many neuropeptides, including vasopressin and oxytocin, released from their somata and dendrites. They are public announcements; they are messages not from one cell to another, but rather a message that is directed from one population of neurons to another [7][8][9].2. The hypothalamo-neurohypophysial axis: a model system to study dendritic peptide releaseThe dendrites of magnocellular neurons (MCNs) of the hypothalamic supraoptic nucleus (SON) and paraventricular nucleus (PVN) have some unique characteristics compared with other neurons in the central nervous system. They are aspiny, branch sparsely, in many cases are aggregated in bundles, and are

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“…One example is the release of neuropeptides from the dendrites of neuroendocrine neurons, which was first identified by electron microscopy about 25 years ago [Pow & Morris, 1989]. Recent work from Stern and his colleagues now shows that dendritic release of vasopressin provides a way for magnocellular neuroendocrine neurons in the PVH to modify the activity of nearby pre-autonomic neurons thereby mediating integration between these two functionally distinct compartments [Son et al 2013; Stern, 2014]. …”

Section: ) Future Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

60 YEARS OF NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY: The structure of the neuroendocrine hypothalamus: the neuroanatomical legacy of Geoffrey Harris

Watts

2015

Journal of Endocrinology

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In November 1955, Geoffrey Harris published a paper based on the Christian A Herter Lecture he had given earlier that year at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, MD, USA. The paper reviewed the contemporary research that was starting to explain how the hypothalamus controlled the pituitary gland. In the process of doing so, Harris introduced a set of properties that helped define the neuroendocrine hypothalamus. They included: i) three criteria that putative releasing factors for adenohypophysial hormones would have to fulfill; ii) an analogy between the representation of body parts in the sensory and motor cortices and the spatial localization of neuroendocrine function in the hypothalamus; and iii) the idea that neuroendocrine neurons are motor neurons and the pituitary stalk functions as a Sherringtonian final common pathway through which the impact of sensory and emotional events on neuroendocrine neurons must pass in order to control pituitary hormone release. Were these properties a sign that the major neuroscientific discoveries that were being made in the early 1950s were beginning to influence neuroendocrinology? This Thematic Review discusses two main points: the context and significance of Harris's Herter Lecture for how our understanding of neuroendocrine anatomy (particularly as it relates to the control of the adenohypophysis) has developed since 1955; and, within this framework, how novel and powerful techniques are currently taking our understanding of the structure of the neuroendocrine hypothalamus to new levels.

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Neuroendocrine‐Autonomic Integration in the Paraventricular Nucleus: Novel Roles for Dendritically Released Neuropeptides

Cited by 47 publications

References 107 publications

Dendritic Release of Neurotransmitters

Dendritic Release of Neurotransmitters

Multiple signalling modalities mediated by dendritic exocytosis of oxytocin and vasopressin

60 YEARS OF NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY: The structure of the neuroendocrine hypothalamus: the neuroanatomical legacy of Geoffrey Harris

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