Neuroendocrine and beta-adrenoceptor response to chronic ethanol and aggression in rats

Jt, Peterson; La, Pohorecky; Mw, Hamm

doi:10.1016/0091-3057(89)90307-9

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Previous studies also indicate that the level of aggression during dyadic encounters has an effect on plasma catecholamines in experimental animals [Fokkema et al, 1988;Sachser 1987;Peterson and Pohorecky, 1989;Fuchs et al, 1993;Haller et al, 1995;Sgoifo et al, 1996]. Work from our laboratory indicated that after 24 h of cohabitation, intruders had higher plasma epinephrine levels compared with residents [Peterson and Pohorecky, 1989].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

“…Among triad-housed rats, the subordinate rats expressed the greatest gene activation. The sympathoadrenomedullary system shows differential adaptation to chronic social and nonsocial stressors [Mazzeo, 1991;Peterson and Pohorecky, 1989;Schommer et al, 2003;Sgoifo et al, 1997Sgoifo et al, , 2002. Prior experience may condition an animal's physiological systems to 'expect' a problem and, therefore, be more ready to respond to a subsequent stressor, whether it is a stressor from the dominant rat in a triad, any novel stimulus to a singly housed animal or novel stimuli like a shaker test or exposure to cold in the above cited examples of chronically stressed rats.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such social stressors also influence adrenal and plasma catecholamine levels and increase the activity of the catecholamine synthesizing enzymes [Raab et al, 1986;Fokkema et al, 1988;Peterson and Pohorecky, 1989;Haller et al, 1995;de Boer et al, 1990]. Furthermore, mice housed in aggressive colonies have larger adrenals and higher adrenal epinephrine levels compared with mice housed in nonaggressive colonies [Welch and Welch, 1969].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Social Hierarchy Affects Gene Expression for Catecholamine Biosynthetic Enzymes in Rat Adrenal Glands

Pohorecky

Blakley²,

Kubovčáková³

et al. 2004

Neuroendocrinology

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Social stressors, like other stressors, are powerful activators of the sympathoadrenomedullary system. Differential housing (single vs. group) and social defeat of rats is known to alter the activity of catecholamine-synthesizing enzymes in the medulla. The present studies examined the effect of 70 days of triad (3 rats per large cage) and individual housing of male rats on adrenal mRNA levels of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), dopamine-β-hydroxylase (DBH) and phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase (PNMT) and on TH protein levels. Behavioral ratings carried out at the triad formation indicated that dominant rats exhibited mostly offensive aggressive behaviors. By contrast, subordinate rats expressed primarily defensive behaviors, while the subdominant rats displayed intermediate levels of these behaviors. Overall, compared with single housing, triad housing resulted in lower gene expression for TH, DBH and PNMT and lower TH protein in the adrenals. Within triads, gene expression for these enzymes and TH protein concentration were higher in subordinate compared with dominant and subdominant rats. The dominant rats tended to have the lowest gene expression of these enzymes. These data indicate that in rodents, individual housing and a subject’s social rank have a differential impact on the regulation of catecholamine biosynthesis already during the process of gene expression of catecholamine biosynthetic enzymes in the adrenals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Social Hierarchy Affects Gene Expression for Catecholamine Biosynthetic Enzymes in Rat Adrenal Glands

Pohorecky

Blakley²,

Kubovčáková³

et al. 2004

Neuroendocrinology

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“…Furthermore, our results indicate that the proliferation of precursor cells in the dentate gyrus can be affected by an acute, socially stressful experience. In the resident-intruder paradigm, the intruder animal shows physiological and behavioral indices of subordination (12)(13)(14). In another model of social stress, we have shown that subordinate FIG.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This model has been used extensively for stress studies in rodents and monkeys and has been shown to increase physiological indicators of stress (12)(13)(14). In marmoset monkeys, transfer to an unfamiliar cage results in a clear activation of the sympathetic nervous system indicated by elevated mean arterial blood pressure and dramatically increased heart rate (C. R. Schnell, unpublished observation).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proliferation of granule cell precursors in the dentate gyrus of adult monkeys is diminished by stress

Gould

Tanapat

McEwen

et al. 1998

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

1,202

669

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Although granule cells continue to be added to the dentate gyrus of adult rats and tree shrews, this phenomenon has not been demonstrated in the dentate gyrus of adult primates. To determine whether neurons are produced in the dentate gyrus of adult primates, adult marmoset monkeys (Callithrix jacchus) were injected with BrdU and perfused 2 hr or 3 weeks later. BrdU is a thymidine analog that is incorporated into proliferating cells during S phase. A substantial number of cells in the dentate gyrus of adult monkeys incorporated BrdU and Ϸ80% of these cells had morphological characteristics of granule neurons and expressed a neuronal marker by the 3-week time point. Previous studies suggest that the proliferation of granule cell precursors in the adult dentate gyrus can be inhibited by stress in rats and tree shrews. To test whether an aversive experience has a similar effect on cell proliferation in the primate brain, adult marmoset monkeys were exposed to a resident-intruder model of stress. After 1 hr in this condition, the intruder monkeys were injected with BrdU and perfused 2 hr later. The number of proliferating cells in the dentate gyrus of the intruder monkeys was compared with that of unstressed control monkeys. We found that a single exposure to this stressful experience resulted in a significant reduction in the number of these proliferating cells. Our results suggest that neurons are produced in the dentate gyrus of adult monkeys and that the rate of precursor cell proliferation can be affected by a stressful experience.

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A Guide to the Literature on Aggressive Behavior

1990

Aggr. Behav.

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Neuroendocrine and beta-adrenoceptor response to chronic ethanol and aggression in rats

Cited by 13 publications

References 36 publications

Social Hierarchy Affects Gene Expression for Catecholamine Biosynthetic Enzymes in Rat Adrenal Glands

Social Hierarchy Affects Gene Expression for Catecholamine Biosynthetic Enzymes in Rat Adrenal Glands

Proliferation of granule cell precursors in the dentate gyrus of adult monkeys is diminished by stress

A Guide to the Literature on Aggressive Behavior

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