Neurodevelopmental outcome following prenatal diagnosis of a short corpus callosum

Meidan, Roni; Bar‐Yosef, Omer; Ashkenazi, Itay; Yahal, Orr; Berkenstadt, Michal; Hoffman, Chen; Tsur, Abraham; Achiron, Reuven; Katorza, E.

doi:10.1002/pd.5460

Cited by 11 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(59 reference statements)

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“…Indeed, even in normal fetuses, the prognosis of short or thick CC remains a matter of debate considering the very few data available. [21][22][23] Besides these already known CC anomalies associated with MMC, we also found PNH and cortical anomalies in 11 and 3% of the cases, respectively. Interestingly, in one of the two prenatal cases in which abnormal sylvian appearance was suspected, gyration was considered normal at postnatal imaging.…”

Section: Interpretationssupporting

confidence: 65%

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New insights in cerebral findings associated with fetal myelomeningocele: a retrospective cohort study in a single tertiary centre

Maurice

Garel

et al. 2020

BJOG

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Objective To investigate cerebral anomalies other than Chiari type 2 malformation in fetuses with myelomeningocele (MMC). Design A retrospective cohort study in a single tertiary centre. Setting A review of associated cerebral anomalies in cases with prenatal diagnosis of myelomeningocele. Population Seventy cases of fetal myelomeningocele. Methods Ultrasound and MRI images were blindly reviewed. Postnatal imaging and results of the postmortem results were also reviewed. The association between cerebral anomalies and the following ultrasound findings was measured: level of the defect, ventriculomegaly, microcephaly and fetal talipes. Main outcome measures A microcephaly was observed in 32/70 cases (46%) and a ventriculomegaly was observed in 39/70 cases (56%). Other cerebral anomalies were diagnosed in 47/70 (67%). Results Other cerebral anomalies were represented by 42/70 cases with abnormal CC (60%), 8/70 cases with perinodular heterotopia (PNH; 11%), 2/70 cases with abnormal gyration (3%). MRI performed only in fetal surgery cases confirmed the ulltrasound findings in all cases and provided additional findings in two cases (PNH). Risk ratios of fetal cerebral anomalies associated with MMC did not reach significance for microcephaly, ventriculomegaly, talipes or the level of the defect There was an overall good correlation between pre-and postnatal findings with a Kappa value of 0.79 [95% CI 0.57-1] and 82% agreement. Conclusion Fetal brain anomalies other than Chiari type 2 malformation are frequently observed in fetuses with myelomeningocele, predominantly represented by CC anomalies. Whether these associated cerebral anomalies have an impact on selecting cases eligible for fetal surgery needs further evaluation.

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Section: Interpretationssupporting

confidence: 65%

“…Overall, the existence of these additional callosal anomalies raises the question of their impact on the postnatal development of these children and requires further evaluation. Indeed, even in normal fetuses, the prognosis of short or thick CC remains a matter of debate considering the very few data available 21,22,23…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New insights in cerebral findings associated with fetal myelomeningocele: a retrospective cohort study in a single tertiary centre

Maurice

Garel

et al. 2020

BJOG

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“…An initial qualitative analysis of 27 studies was performed. After this initial analysis, three studies published prior to 1990 were excluded, yielding a total of 24 studies included in the final analysis 12–35 . Table S2 shows a summary of the studies using the PICOS framework as a guide.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since that first report, advances in fetal imaging, using both ultrasound and, more recently, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), have led to increased recognition of fetal CC pathologies. CC anomalies are categorized broadly 7–9 into either complete (CACC) or partial (PACC) agenesis of the CC, but the prenatal imaging literature also includes a variety of descriptive terms, such as short, thick or thin CC, for these pathologies 10–35 . Developmental anomalies of the CC can be isolated or associated with other central nervous system (CNS) or non‐CNS malformations, and known etiological factors range from genetic factors and teratogens to infections and ischemia 9,36–40 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterogeneity in defining fetal corpus callosal pathology: systematic review

Mahallati

Sotiriadis

Celestin

et al. 2021

Ultrasound in Obstet & Gyne

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Objective Fetal anomalies of the corpus callosum (CC) have been reported in the prenatal imaging literature since 1985, and, especially when isolated, pose challenges for both the patient and fetal medicine specialist. The purpose of this study was to review systematically the literature on prenatally diagnosed abnormalities of the CC, focusing on the terminology used to describe abnormalities other than complete agenesis of the CC, and to assess the heterogeneity of the nomenclature and definitions used. Methods This study was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews. A literature search was performed to identify prospective or retrospective case series or cohort studies, published in English, French, Italian, German or Spanish, reporting fetal imaging findings and describing anomalies of the CC. Quality and risk of bias of the studies were evaluated using the Newcastle–Ottawa scale and a modification of the scale developed by Conde‐Agudelo et al. for other fetal imaging studies. The data extracted included the number of patients, the number of different anomalies identified, the descriptive names of the anomalies, and, where applicable, the definitions of the anomalies, the number of cases of each type of anomaly and the biometric charts used. Secondary tests used to confirm the diagnosis, as well as the postnatal or post‐termination tests used to ascertain the diagnosis, were also recorded. Results The search identified 998 records, and, after review of titles and abstracts and full review of 45 papers, 27 studies were included initially in the review, of which 24 were included in the final analysis. These 24 studies had a broad range of quality and risk of bias and represented 1135 cases of CC anomalies, of which 49% were complete agenesis and the remainder were described using the term partial agenesis or nine other terms, of which five had more than one definition. Conclusions In comparison to the postnatal literature, in the prenatal literature there is much greater heterogeneity in the nomenclature and definition of CC anomalies other than complete agenesis. This heterogeneity and lack of standard definitions in the prenatal literature make it difficult to develop large multicenter pooled cohorts of patients who can be followed in order to develop a better understanding of the genetic associations and neurodevelopmental and psychological outcomes of patients with CC anomalies. As this information is important to improve counseling of these patients, a good first step towards this goal would be to develop a simpler categorization of prenatal CC anomalies that matches better the postnatal literature. © 2020 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology

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“…Tsur et al showed that the ratio between the CC length and estimated fetal weight had a strong linear correlation and suggested adjusting CC length to fetal growth parameters. Meidan et al also used the ratio between CC length to estimate of fetal weight (EFW) in their study that evaluated the neurodevelopmental outcome of prenatally diagnosed SCC. Shen et al showed that in a sizeable proportion of cases of PACC detected prenatally, the shape of the cavum septi pellucidi was abnormal and suggested this feature was an additional indirect sign of PACC.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new method for evaluating short fetal corpus callosum

et al. 2019

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Objective Sonographic diagnosis of short corpus callosum (SCC) is based on measurement of a short for gestational age antero‐posterior length of the corpus callosum (CC) in the midsagittal plane. We suggest a new method for evaluating SCC without referring to biometry tables. Methods We measured the ratio between the CC length and the internal cranial occipitofrontal dimension (ICOFD) in the midsagittal plane in 399 normal fetuses at 20 + 6 to 35 + 3 weeks of gestation and in 31 fetuses with a diagnosis of a SCC and compared the mean ratio between two groups. The impact of cephalic biometric parameters, fetal presentation, and gender was assessed. Results The ICOFD/CC length for normal pregnancies was constant throughout the pregnancy (2.35 ± 0.11). There was no correlation between the ICOFD/CC length and cephalic index, Biparietal Diameter (BPD), head circumference, fetal sex, or fetal presentation. The ratio of pregnancies with SCC was significantly higher: 3.20 ± 0.84 (P < .0001). Conclusion The ICOFD/CC length practically does not change throughout a normal pregnancy. The ratio was significantly higher in pregnancies with SCC. Measuring this ratio during fetal anatomical scan may enable rapid evaluation of the CC without the need to refer to biometry tables.

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Neurodevelopmental outcome following prenatal diagnosis of a short corpus callosum

Cited by 11 publications

References 25 publications

New insights in cerebral findings associated with fetal myelomeningocele: a retrospective cohort study in a single tertiary centre

New insights in cerebral findings associated with fetal myelomeningocele: a retrospective cohort study in a single tertiary centre

Heterogeneity in defining fetal corpus callosal pathology: systematic review

A new method for evaluating short fetal corpus callosum

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