Neurodevelopmental assessments used to measure preschoolers’ cognitive development in Latin America: a systematic review

Abstract

Objective The objective of this study was to systematically review the standardized neurodevelopmental assessments used to study preschool-aged children’s cognitive development in Spanish-speaking Latin America. Methods The authors systematically searched PubMed, PsycINFO, and ERIC databases for peer-reviewed articles from Spanish-speaking Latin American countries. Articles were included if they measured cognitive development among children aged 2–6 years using at least one standardized assessment tool; 97 articles were included and reviewed in accordance with PRISMA guidelines to assess their use of these tools. Results Ninety-seven studies across 13 countries used a total of 41 assessments to measure cognitive development; most widely used were the Wechsler intelligence scales (n = 46/97), particularly the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence and Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (n = 23 and 29, respectively). Other common assessments included the McCarthy Scales of Children’s Abilities (n = 9), Raven’s Progressive Matrices (n = 9), Child Neuropsychological Assessment (n = 8), and Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (n = 7). In regions where normative data for a given assessment were unpublished, authors commonly used norms from the United States, Mexico, or Spain or did not report standard scores in their analyses. Conclusions The wide range of tools used in these studies presents a challenge for generalizing results when measuring the neurodevelopment of Latin American preschool-aged children. The low availability of normative data for specific regions reveals concerns if some tools are culturally and linguistically appropriate even when Spanish is a common language, particularly in low-resource settings. Future work to forge greater consistency in the use of validated measures, clarity in reporting research methods, and publication of regional normative data would benefit the field.

Neurodevelopmental Outcomes of Normocephalic Colombian Children with Antenatal Zika Virus Exposure at School Entry

“…The TVIP assesses receptive vocabulary in Spanish and, similarly to the BSRA, requires children to select the correct image as stated by the examiner among a series of four images [ 18 ]. The TVIP is a commonly used neurodevelopmental assessment tool in Latin America [ 19 ]; composite Hispanic norms derived from testing conducted in Mexico and Puerto Rico were used for scoring the TVIP [ 18 ]. Head circumference, height, and weight were measured for each child, and BMI was calculated.…”