Neurodevelopment of the association cortices: Patterns, mechanisms, and implications for psychopathology

Sydnor, Valerie J.; Larsen, Bart; Bassett, Danielle S.; Alexander-Bloch, Aaron; Fair, Damien A.; Liston, Conor; Mackey, Allyson P.; Milham, Michael P.; Pines, Adam; Roalf, David R.; Seidlitz, Jakob; Xu, Ting; Raznahan, Armin; Satterthwaite, Theodore D.

doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2021.06.016

Cited by 371 publications

(535 citation statements)

References 243 publications

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“…PMC is routinely considered a central hub of the default mode network [15][16][17][18] and implicated in a broad array of cognitive functions, such as episodic memory, self-referential processing, spatial navigation, and cognitive control 15,17,[19][20][21][22][23][24] . PMC also possesses unique anatomical 19,25 , metabolic 15 , functional 26 , developmental, and evolutionary properties 20,27,28 . Despite this progress in identifying different functions and properties of PMC, the functional neuroanatomy of human PMC remains poorly understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new tripartite landmark in posterior cingulate cortex

Willbrand

Parker

Voorhies

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Understanding brain structure-function relationships, and their development and evolution, is central to neuroscience research. Here, we show that morphological differences in posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), a hub of functional brain networks, predict individual differences in macroanatomical, microstructural, and functional features of PCC. Manually labeling 4,319 sulci in 552 hemispheres, we discovered a consistently localized shallow cortical indentation (termed the inframarginal sulcus; ifrms) within PCC that is absent from neuroanatomical atlases, yet co-localized with a region within the cognitive control, but not default mode, network. Morphological analyses in humans and chimpanzees showed that unique properties of the ifrms differ across the lifespan and between hominoid species. Intriguingly, the consistency of the ifrms also debunks the uniqueness of the morphology of Einstein’s PCC. These findings support a classic theory that shallow, tertiary sulci serve as landmarks in association cortices. They also beg the question: how many other cortical indentations have we missed?

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new tripartite landmark in posterior cingulate cortex

Willbrand

Parker

Voorhies

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…In adulthood, variability in functional network properties is parsimoniously explained by a sensorimotor to association axis (Sydnor et al, 2021); this axis captures variance in network architecture, the spatial ordering of networks on the cortex, and diversity in network-supported faculties and behaviors (Margulies et al, 2016). Further, this axis is thought to support hierarchical information propagation between unimodal networks involved in immediate perception to transmodal networks supporting complex cognition (Mesulam et al, 1998;Murphy et al, 2019;Murphy et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissociable Multi-scale Patterns of Development in Personalized Brain Networks

Pines

Larsen

Cui

et al. 2021

Preprint

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SUMMARYThe brain is organized into networks at multiple resolutions, or scales, yet studies of functional network development typically focus on a single scale. Here, we derived personalized functional networks across 29 scales in a large sample of youths (n=693, ages 8-23 years) to identify multi-scale patterns of network re-organization related to neurocognitive development. We found that developmental shifts in inter-network coupling systematically adhered to and strengthened a functional hierarchy of cortical organization. Furthermore, we observed that scale-dependent effects were present in lower-order, unimodal networks, but not higher-order, transmodal networks. Finally, we found that network maturation had clear behavioral relevance: the development of coupling in unimodal and transmodal networks dissociably mediated the emergence of executive function. These results delineate maturation of multi-scale brain networks, which varies according to a functional hierarchy and impacts cognitive development.

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“…For nodal higher-order microstructure-function relationships, default mode network regions show stronger higher-order microstructure-function relationships, while motor cortices show weaker higher-order microstructure-function relationships. The transmodal regions show stronger nodal higher-order microstructure-function relationships than unimodal regions, which has an opposite pattern to node-level microstructural covariance-function correspondence, especially for the default mode regions (Raichle et al, 2001), which have weaker microstructural covariance-function correspondence while having stronger nodal higher-order microstructurefunction interactions, providing a new perspective and tool to understand the default mode network (Raichle et al, 2001) and the structure-function interactions of association cortex (Sydnor et al, 2021). The regions like precuneus, fusiform, and insula, observed in previous sex differentiation study with large participants (Kiesow et al, 2020), show significant gender effect in nodal higher-order microstructure-function relationships.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Myelin probably shapes the functional activity (Fornari et al, 2007), correlates with psychiatric traits (Ziegler et al, 2019), and interacts with the functional connectome . Technically, myelin owns a putative microstructural MRI marker characterized by the ratio of T1-and T2-weighted (T1w/T2w) MRI images (Glasser & Van Essen, 2011;Sydnor et al, 2021), and a macroscale myelin-based microstructural brain network can be constructed based on the similarity of myelin contents between cortical regions (Wu et al, 2018), enabling the utility of myelin evidence to explore complex structure-function relationships in the human brain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Higher-order interaction of brain microstructural and functional connectome

Wang

Liu

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Despite a relatively fixed anatomical structure, the human brain can support rich cognitive functions, triggering particular interest in investigating structure-function relationships. Myelin is a vital brain microstructure marker, yet the individual microstructure-function relationship is poorly understood. Here, we explore the brain microstructure-function relationships using a higher-order framework. Global (network-level) higher-order microstructure-function relationships negatively correlate with male participants’ personality scores and decline with aging. Nodal (node-level) higher-order microstructure-function relationships are not aligned uniformly throughout the brain, being stronger in association cortices and lower in sensory cortices, showing gender differences. Notably, higher-order microstructure-function relationships are maintained from the whole-brain to local circuits, which uncovers a compelling and straightforward principle of brain structure-function interactions. Additionally, targeted artificial attacks can disrupt these higher-order relationships, and the main results are robust against several factors. Together, our results increase the collective knowledge of higher-order structure-function interactions that may underlie cognition, individual differences, and aging.

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Neurodevelopment of the association cortices: Patterns, mechanisms, and implications for psychopathology

Cited by 371 publications

References 243 publications

A new tripartite landmark in posterior cingulate cortex

A new tripartite landmark in posterior cingulate cortex

Dissociable Multi-scale Patterns of Development in Personalized Brain Networks

Higher-order interaction of brain microstructural and functional connectome

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