Neurodegeneration and Sensorimotor Deficits in the Mouse Model of Traumatic Brain Injury

Abstract

Abstract:Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can result in persistent sensorimotor and cognitive deficits, which occur through a cascade of deleterious pathophysiological events over time. In this study, we investigated the hypothesis that neurodegeneration caused by TBI leads to impairments in sensorimotor function. TBI induces the activation of the caspase-3 enzyme, which triggers cell apoptosis in an in vivo model of fluid percussion injury (FPI).We analyzed caspase-3 mediated apoptosis by TUNEL staining and PARP and annexin V western blotting. We correlated the neurodegeneration with sensorimotor deficits by conducting the animal behavioral tests including grid walk, balance beam, inverted screen test, and climb test. Our study demonstrated that the excess cell death or neurodegeneration correlated with the neuronal dysfunction and sensorimotor impairments associated with TBI.

Resveratrol Attenuates Cognitive Deficits of Traumatic Brain Injury by Activating p38 Signaling in the Brain

“…TBI process includes the development of neurodegeneration which could chronically impair brain function causing cognitive dysfunctions [ 2 ]. Difficulties in concentration, attention and memory, changes in balance and vision, spontaneous seizures, and sleep disturbance are the typical clinical manifestations of cognitive disorders [ 19 ].…”

“…Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is recognized as alteration of brain pathology and/or function caused by external mechanical force [ 1 ]. TBI is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality resulting from neurological disorders around the world [ 2 ]. TBI is characterized by acute and chronic neurodegeneration and long-term cognitive deficits [ 3 ].…”

Traumatic Brain Injury Altered Normal Brain Signaling Pathways: Implications for Novel Therapeutics Approaches

“…In literature, Saurav et al . (2017) [28] demonstrated the role of intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathways after traumatic brain injury. Leonardo et al .…”

Medico‐Legal Aspects of Concussion

“…Larrabee indicated that the norm following a single, uncomplicated mTBI in regard to cognitive functioning is full recovery with no long‐term residual deficits 95 . While a scoping review suggested “a single mTBI chronically impairs cognitive functioning” 96 and subsequent articles 97,98 have cited this study as illustrating a high rate of cognitive impairment secondary to concussion, Iverson and colleagues highlight the methodological errors that resulted in their erroneous conclusion 42 . Overall, the literature has pronounced the lack of research support for long‐term cognitive or psychological deficits secondary to concussion 52‐54 .…”