Neurocognitive skills moderate urban male adolescents’ responses to preventive intervention materials

Fishbein, Diana H.; Hyde, Christopher; Eldreth, Diana; Paschall, Mallie J.; Hubal, Robert; Das, Abhik; Tarter, Ralph E.; Ialongo, Nick; Hubbard, Scott; Yung, Betty

doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2005.08.008

Cited by 60 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 101 publications

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“…Such interpretations are, thus, inappropriate given that some level of impairment may antedate and perhaps contribute to the development of drug abuse. In the absence of longitudinal studies it is impossible to discern whether these differential deficits predate or result from use, particularly in light of evidence that ECF dysfunction is more prevalent in adolescents who are at high risk for substance abuse (Fishbein et al, 2006b;Tarter et al, 2003). This restriction on interpretation also applies to the present study.…”

Section: Final Remarksmentioning

confidence: 48%

Neurocognitive characterizations of Russian heroin addicts without a significant history of other drug use

Fishbein

Krupitsky

Flannery

et al. 2007

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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Research on the neurocognitive characteristics of heroin addiction is sparse and studies that do exist include polydrug abusers; thus, they are unable to distinguish neurocognitive effects of heroin from those of other drugs. To identify neurocognitive correlates specific to heroin addiction, the present study was conducted in St. Petersburg, Russia where individuals typically abuse and/or become addicted to only one substance, generally alcohol or heroin. Heroin addicts were recruited from an inpatient treatment facility in St. Petersburg. Three comparison groups included alcoholics, addicts who used both alcohol and heroin, and non-abusers. Psychiatric, background, and drug history evaluations were administered after detoxification to screen for exclusion criteria and characterize the sample. Executive Cognitive Functions (ECF) that largely activate areas of the prefrontal cortex and its circuitry measured include complex visual pattern recognition (Paired Associates Learning), working memory (Delayed Matching to Sample), problem solving (Stockings of Cambridge), executive decision making (Cambridge Decision Making Task), cognitive flexibility (Stroop ColorWord Task) and response shifting (Stop Change Task). In many respects, the heroin addicts were similar to alcohol and alcohol\heroin dependent groups in neurocognitive deficits relative to controls. The primary finding was that heroin addicts exhibited significantly more disadvantageous decision making and longer deliberation times while making risky decisions than the other groups. Because the nature and degree of recovery from drug abuse are likely a function of the type or pattern of neurocognitive impairment, differential drug effects must be considered.

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Section: Final Remarksmentioning

confidence: 48%

Neurocognitive characterizations of Russian heroin addicts without a significant history of other drug use

Fishbein

Krupitsky

Flannery

et al. 2007

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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“…Additionally, our findings illuminate the importance of tailoring preventive interventions to match the specific liabilities of individuals. For instance, individuals with neurocognitive deficits may process and respond to interventions differently than others and may require unique strategies to be able to absorb the preventive messages (Fishbein et al, 2006). Interventions will need to draw on cross-disciplinary approaches including cognitive-behavioral strategies, stress management, parenting interventions, behavioral rehabilitation, and psychoeducational approaches to holistically address the multitude of needs exhibited by children and adolescents exposed to severe or chronic stress.…”

Section: Implications For Preventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These regulatory processes are a function of physiological arousal in the autonomic nervous system (ANS), which is orchestrated by the brain (e.g., amygdala) in response to social challenges to enhance the ability to process, interpret, and react to social cues under optimal conditions. Studies using cognitive tasks and biological measures of the circuitry between the PFC and limbic system show that a combination of a propensity to negative affect, inability to shift behavioral strategies, and aberrant ANS activity in response to anticipated negative consequences is associated with substance abuse (Fishbein et al, 2006;Weiss et al, 2001). Thus, the ability to perceive one's own and others' emotional cues and regulate affective responses to these cues may be another important risk factor for drug-use initiation and escalation.…”

Section: Ecf Emotional Regulation and Social Competencies Underlyinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Three VR vignettes simulated real interpersonal verbal interactions with a teenager (see Fishbein et al, 2006and Hubal et al, 2003, 2004 for full details). An algorithm was developed by which the virtual teenager would initially entice risky behavior but gradually back off if the participant demonstrated appropriate avoidance and/or deescalation behavior.…”

Section: Social Competencementioning

confidence: 99%

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Mediators of the Stress–Substance–Use Relationship in Urban Male Adolescents

et al. 2006

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Exposure to chronic or severe acute stressors throughout the lifespan has been linked with numerous negative behavioral, emotional, cognitive, and physical consequences. Adolescence is considered to be a particularly vulnerable period given that the brain is experiencing dramatic developmental change during this time. The present study examined a sample of adolescents (N = 125) considered to be at high risk for stress exposures and drug use by virtue of their environment and low income levels to identify possible neurocognitive (i.e., impulsivity, delay of gratification, emotional perception, and risky decision-making) and social competency mechanisms that may mediate this relationship. Using Mplus, a mediational model was tested using full information maximum likelihood estimates. Risky decision-making and poor social competency skills were related to previous stressful experiences; however, only social competencies mediated the effect of stressors on reports of past year marijuana, alcohol, and polydrug use. As such, stress appears to exert its negative impact through alterations in abilities to generate and execute prosocial decisions and behaviors. Interventions that directly address the effects of stress on social competencies may be especially important for children who have experienced adversity including those exposed to parental divorce, parental psychopathology, neglect or abuse, parental death, and poverty.

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“…Identifying underlying conditions that increase risk for substance abuse (e.g., attention deficit, conduct disorder, depression, novelty-seeking, adversity) and applying this knowledge to better understand people's differential responsiveness to preventive interventions. 6 Although our knowledge of such mechanisms has grown appreciably in recent years, the clinical utility and appeal of even "successful" programs are both limited in the eyes of practitioners and policy makers. Factors underlying both favorable and poor responses remain largely unknown because of a lack of translation from bench science to intervention.…”

Section: The End Game: Personalized Preventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advancing the Prevention of Substance Abuse via Translational Research

Launse¹

2011

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Estimates of the total costs of substance abuse in the United States, including productivity and health-and crime-related costs, exceed $600 billion annually (approximately $181 billion for illicit drugs, $193 billion for tobacco, and $235 billion for alcohol). Twenty-five percent of all US deaths can be attributed to drug abuse. Alcohol, the most commonly used drug among American teenagers, kills youth 6.5 times more often than other drugs of abuse. In general, a yearly death toll of nearly 10,000 can be attributed to chronic alcohol abuse. Drug consumption of all types generally begins in adolescence; by 13 years of age more than 30% of teens report having used at least one illicit substance. As staggering as these numbers are, they do not fully describe the breadth of corollary destructive public health and safety implications, such as family disintegration, loss of employment, failure in school, domestic violence, and child abuse.Hundreds of millions of research dollars have been spent on preventive intervention programs aimed at curbing drug abuse and addiction. At the National Institute of Health alone, more than $1.6 billion was spent in 2010 on substance abuse, exceeding expenditures for any other neurobehavioral disease. Despite this enormous amount of scholarly effort, most prevention research has neither focused on nor sought to ameliorate generative and oftentimes malleable underlying mechanisms (e.g., neurocognition) in drug abuse and addiction or the related psychopathology. A significant problem is the lack of communication among scientists investigating disparate aspects of the substance abuse issue. Transfer of information between disciplines has been slow; no major innovations in prevention have occurred for decades. As a result, although some recipients of preventive interventions (e.g., school-based programs) may achieve some measure of success, many others respond less favorably, exhibiting an escalation of drug-related disorders, chronic relapses, lack of engagement in interventions, and persistent intervention resistance. Moreover, policy makers and practitioners lack the knowledge base and resources to design programs that can have meaningful impacts. Forming teams composed of investigators from multiple disciplines that span the pathway from basic science to applied research and practice will facilitate the translation of findings to the next phase of inquiry, thus promoting a more rapid response to these issues than has been achieved in the past.This research brief highlights the relevance and utility of promoting a transdisciplinary translational model as the foundation for the next generation of research on substance abuse, including tobacco, alcohol, illicit drugs, and illegitimate use of prescription drugs. The model integrates theoretical perspectives and empirical methods to (1) elucidate the Key Research OpportunitiesTranslational research in substance abuse conducted by transdisciplinary teams affords better opportunities to parse the complex web of factors affecting successful ...

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Neurocognitive skills moderate urban male adolescents’ responses to preventive intervention materials

Cited by 60 publications

References 101 publications

Neurocognitive characterizations of Russian heroin addicts without a significant history of other drug use

Neurocognitive characterizations of Russian heroin addicts without a significant history of other drug use

Mediators of the Stress–Substance–Use Relationship in Urban Male Adolescents

Advancing the Prevention of Substance Abuse via Translational Research

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