Neurocognitive reorganization between crystallized intelligence, fluid intelligence and white matter microstructure in two age-heterogeneous developmental cohorts

Simpson-Kent, Ivan L.; Fuhrmann, Delia; Bathelt, Joe; Achterberg, Jascha; Borgeest, Gesa Sophia; Kievit, Rogier A.

doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2019.100743

Cited by 49 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…The inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus also appears to be involved in reading and writing ( Catani and Mesulam, 2008 ; Motomura et al, 2014 ; Rollans and Cummine, 2018 ), and “on line” motor planning subserving the dorsal visual stream ( Rizzolatti and Matelli, 2003 ). Furthermore the superior longitudinal fasciculus has been shown to play a role in working memory performance ( Bathelt et al, 2019 ) and in intelligence ( Simpson-Kent et al, 2020 ). The inferior longitudinal fasciculus is proposed to be part of the ventral visual pathways and appears to have a “multi-function” role.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

White Matter Dissection of the Fetal Brain

et al. 2020

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Neuroplasticity is a complex process of structural and functional reorganization of brain tissue. In the fetal period, neuroplasticity plays an important role in the emergence and development of white matter tracts. Here, we aimed to study the architecture of normal fetal brains by way of Klingler's dissection. Ten normal brains were collected from in utero deceased fetuses aged between 13 and 35 gestational weeks (GW). During this period, we observed modifications in volume, shape, and sulci configuration. Our findings indicate that the major white matter tracts follow four waves of development. The first wave (13 GW) involves the corpus callosum, the fornix, the anterior commissure, and the uncinate fasciculus. In the second one (14 GW), the superior and inferior longitudinal fasciculi and the cingulum could be identified. The third wave (17 GW) concerns the internal capsule and in the fourth wave (20 GW) all the major tracts, including the inferioroccipital fasciculus, were depicted. Our results suggest an earlier development of the white matter tracts than estimated by DTI tractography studies. Correlating anatomical dissection with tractography data is of great interest for further research in the field of fetal brain mapping.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

White Matter Dissection of the Fetal Brain

et al. 2020

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“…For example, machine learning methods have distinguished subgroups of the children in the cohort with distinct individual profiles of cognition, learning and behaviour (Astle, Bathelt, CALM Team, & Holmes, 2019;Bathelt et al, 2018), and network analysis has identified inter-related behavioural and cognitive symptoms that are not captured by traditional diagnostic criteria (Mareva & Holmes, 2019). Using structural equation modelling, work has examined a priori distinctions between fluid and crystallized abilities (Simpson-Kent et al, 2020) and evaluated conceptually distinct models of hierarchical, cognitive-only factors (Fuhrmann, Simpson-Kent, Bathelt, & Kievit, 2019). These findings have yet to be integrated in a single, multi-level model of learning difficulties.…”

Section: Limitations and Strengthsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive dimensions of learning in children with problems in attention, learning and memory

Holmes¹,

Guy²,

Bryant³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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A data-driven, transdiagnostic approach was employed to identify the cognitive dimensions linked with learning in a large mixed group of children recognised to have problems in the areas of attention, learning and memory by a health or education practitioner (N=805). The children completed a battery of cognitive assessments tapping phonological processing, information processing speed, short-term and working memory, and executive functions, and attainments in reading, spelling, vocabulary and maths. Data reduction methods identified three cognitive dimensions of phonological processing, processing speed and executive function for the sample as a whole. This model was comparable for children with and without ADHD. The severity of learning difficulties in literacy was linked to phonological processing skills, and in maths to executive control. Associations between cognition and learning were broadly comparable across subgroups, but learning-related problems were more strongly linked to executive skills and processing speed in children with ADHD than without ADHD. The results establish that domain-specific cognitive pathways to learning distinguish a large heterogeneous population of struggling learners. They also indicate that robust cognitive skills may be vital in compensating for the adverse impact of ADHD behaviours on learning.

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“…Cognitive functions, especially higher-order or complex functions, strongly rely on the structural connectivity in distributed neural networks in both adults (Chiang et al, 2009) and in children and adolescents (Koenis et al, 2018;Peters et al, 2014;Schmithorst et al, 2005;Simpson-Kent et al, 2020). For example, one cross-sectional study investigated the relationships between intellectual abilities and DTI measures in 168 participants 8-30 years old (Tamnes, Østby, et al, 2010b).…”

Section: Higher-order Cognitive Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of white matter microstructure and executive functions during childhood and adolescence: a review of diffusion MRI studies

Goddings¹,

Roalf²,

Lebel³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) provides indirect measures of white matter microstructure that can be used to make inferences about structural connectivity within the brain. Over the last decade, a growing literature of cross-sectional and longitudinal studies have documented relationships between dMRI indices and cognitive development. In this review, we provide a brief overview of dMRI methods and how they can be used to study white matter and connectivity, briefly discuss challenges with using dMRI in child and adolescent populations, and review the extant literature examining the links between dMRI indices and executive functions during development. We explore the links between white matter microstructure and specific executive functions: inhibition, working memory and cognitive shifting, as well as performance on complex executive function tasks. Where there is concordance in findings across studies, this is highlighted, and potential explanations for discrepancies between results are discussed. Finally, we explore future directions that are necessary to better understand the links between child and adolescent development of executive functions and structural connectivity of the brain.

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Neurocognitive reorganization between crystallized intelligence, fluid intelligence and white matter microstructure in two age-heterogeneous developmental cohorts

Cited by 49 publications

References 63 publications

White Matter Dissection of the Fetal Brain

White Matter Dissection of the Fetal Brain

Cognitive dimensions of learning in children with problems in attention, learning and memory

Development of white matter microstructure and executive functions during childhood and adolescence: a review of diffusion MRI studies

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