Neurocognitive outcomes of children secondary to mild iodine deficiency in pregnant women

Caron, Philippe

doi:10.1016/j.ando.2015.01.001

Cited by 15 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(40 reference statements)

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“…No randomly controlled clinical trial has measured short-term and long-term outcomes on offspring brain development. Several cross-sectional studies described marginal iodine deficiency in the uterus that had negative effects on fetal brain development [40,41,42]. A recent cohort study conducted by Hynes et al found that mild iodine deficiency during gestation can have long-term adverse impacts on fetal cognitive development and intellectual function [43].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Increase in Consuming Adequately Iodized Salt May Not Be Enough to Rectify Iodine Deficiency in Pregnancy in an Iodine-Sufficient Area of China

Wang

Zhu

et al. 2017

IJERPH

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Universal salt iodization (USI) has been implemented for two decades in China. It is crucial to periodically monitor iodine status in the most vulnerable population, such as pregnant women. A cross-sectional study was carried out in an evidence-proved iodine-sufficient province to evaluate iodine intake in pregnancy. According to the WHO/UNICEF/ICCIDD recommendation criteria of adequate iodine intake in pregnancy (150–249 µg/L), the median urinary iodine concentration (UIC) of the total 8159 recruited pregnant women was 147.5 µg/L, which indicated pregnant women had iodine deficiency at the province level. Overall, 51.0% of the total study participants had iodine deficiency with a UIC < 150 µg/L and only 32.9% of them had adequate iodine. Participants living in coastal areas had iodine deficiency with a median UIC of 130.1 µg/L, while those in inland areas had marginally adequate iodine intake with a median UIC of 158.1 µg/L (p < 0.001). Among the total study participants, 450 pregnant women consuming non-iodized salt had mild-moderate iodine deficiency with a median UIC of 99.6 µg/L; 7363 pregnant women consuming adequately iodized salt had a lightly statistically higher median UIC of 151.9 µg/L, compared with the recommended adequate level by the WHO/UNICEF/ICCIDD (p < 0.001). Consuming adequately iodized salt seemed to lightly increase the median UIC level, but it may not be enough to correct iodine nutrition status to an optimum level as recommended by the WHO/UNICEF/ICCIDD. We therefore suggest that, besides strengthening USI policy, additional interventive measure may be needed to improve iodine intake in pregnancy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Increase in Consuming Adequately Iodized Salt May Not Be Enough to Rectify Iodine Deficiency in Pregnancy in an Iodine-Sufficient Area of China

Wang

Zhu

et al. 2017

IJERPH

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“…It affects body growth and mental development leading to learning disability, irreversible mental retardation, reduce school performance, poor productivity, unemployment and an increased risk of mortality [7]. Even mild iodine deficiency during pregnancy can have long-term adverse impacts on fetal cognition that are not improved by sufficient iodine intake during childhood [8][9][10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial distribution and determinants of household iodized salt utilization in Ethiopia: a spatial and multilevel analysis of Ethiopian demographic and Health survey

et al. 2020

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Background Iodine deficiency disorder is a significant public health problem, affecting both developed and developing nations worldwide. It is associated with poor body growth and irreversible mental retardation. However, little is known about the spatial distribution and determinants of household iodized salt utilization in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the spatial distribution and determinants of iodized salt utilization at national level. Methods Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey 2016 data was used to investigate the spatial distribution and determinants of household iodized salt utilization in Ethiopia. ArcGIS 10.6 and SaTScan™ version 9.6 software were used to explore the spatial distribution and detect significant clusters, respectively. The odds ratio with its 95% confidence interval (CI) was determined for potential determinants included in the multivariable multilevel logistic regression model. Results Household iodized salt utilization was spatially clustered in Ethiopia (Moran’s Index = 0.076, p-value = 0.01). The significant hotspot areas with high iodized salt utilization were located in Benishangul, Amhara, Gambella, Tigray and Northwest Oromia regions. Significant cold spot areas (areas with low iodized salt utilization) were found in Somali, and East Afar regions. Those households with higher education level ((Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] =1.49, 95% CI =1.14–1.93), high community level education (AOR = 1.51, 95% CI = 1.03–2.20), middle wealth index (AOR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.04–1.65) and high community media exposure (AOR = 1.52, 95% CI = 1.07–2.17) had higher odds of iodized salt utilization. Conclusions Household iodized salt utilization had significant spatial variation across the country. Both household and community level variables were found to be associated with household iodized salt utilization in Ethiopia. Therefore, increasing the education level, wealth status and community media exposure is recommended to improve iodized salt utilization in a country. A targeted intervention is also needed for those regions with low household iodized salt utilization.

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“…Severe and long-term iodine deficiency in PW results in serious adverse effects such as increasing risk of stillbirths, abortions and congenital abnormalities [8]. However, this problem can be corrected by mass application of iodized salt [9], also known as universal salt iodization (USI). Since the largest part of iodine intake is usually from household salt [10], USI is the optimal way to ensure sufficient intake of iodine by all individuals [11], and the international experience has convincingly demonstrated that USI is the most reliable, safe and cost-effective way to eliminate IDD [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An assessment of risk of iodine deficiency among pregnant women in Sarawak, Malaysia2018

Kuay¹,

Chin²,

Kassim³

et al. 2019

IJPHS

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<p>Previous findings from a state-wide Iodine Deficiency Disorders (IDD) study among pregnant women (PW) in Sarawak indicated that PW are at risk of IDD and further assessment is needed. This paper describes the methodology used in conducting this study for an assessment of risk of iodine deficiency among pregnant women in Sarawak, Malaysia. A total of 30 maternal child health care clinics (MCHCs) were selected using probability proportional to population size (PPS) sampling technique. The PW sample size was calculated based on 95% confidence interval (CI), relative precision of 5%, design effect of 2, anticipated IDD prevalence of 65.0% and non-response rate of 20%. Thus, the total sample size required was 750 (25 respondents per selected MCHC). The WHO Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) surveys approach was used to randomly select the first respondent and subsequent respondents were chosen until the required number of PW was met. The required data were obtained through: face-to-face interviews (socio-demographic and food frequency questionnaire), clinical assessments (thyroid size, and hyper/hypothyroidism) and biochemical analysis (urine and blood serum). <strong>A</strong> total of 677 PW responded in the study with a response rate of 90.2%. Majority of the PW were at second gravida, aged 25-29 years old and of Malay ethnicity. The methodology used in this study was based on international guidelines which may provide state’s estimates. All the necessary steps were taken into consideration to ensure valid and reliable findings on current iodine status among PW.</p>

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Neurocognitive outcomes of children secondary to mild iodine deficiency in pregnant women

Cited by 15 publications

References 38 publications

An Increase in Consuming Adequately Iodized Salt May Not Be Enough to Rectify Iodine Deficiency in Pregnancy in an Iodine-Sufficient Area of China

An Increase in Consuming Adequately Iodized Salt May Not Be Enough to Rectify Iodine Deficiency in Pregnancy in an Iodine-Sufficient Area of China

Spatial distribution and determinants of household iodized salt utilization in Ethiopia: a spatial and multilevel analysis of Ethiopian demographic and Health survey

An assessment of risk of iodine deficiency among pregnant women in Sarawak, Malaysia2018

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