Neurocognitive Impairment in the Combined Antiretroviral Therapy Era in a Romanian Cohort of Young Adults with Chronic HIV Infection

Temereanca, Aura; Ene, Luminiţa; Roșca, Adelina; Diaconu, Carmen C.; Luca, Anca; Burlacu, Ruxandra; Rădoi, Roxana; Bulacu-Talnariu, A; Marcotte, Thomas D.; Achim, Cristian L.; Ruță, Simona

doi:10.1089/aid.2019.0132

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…In a Romanian cohort of young adults who were infected as children through nonsterile blood transfusions and injections, the overall impairment rate was 35%. Deficits tended to be in the mild range and unrelated to typical indicators of disease severity (Temereanca et al, 2020). HIV effects were observed primarily in psychomotor speed, working memory, and abstraction (Ene et al, 2014).…”

Section: Demographic Influences In Handmentioning

confidence: 96%

Infectious disorders: HIV, hepatitis C, and COVID-19 pandemics.

Cherner¹,

Saloner²,

Sundermann³

et al. 2023

APA Handbook of Neuropsychology, Volume 1: Neurobehavioral Disorders and Conditions: Accepted Science and Open Questions (Vol.

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Section: Demographic Influences In Handmentioning

confidence: 96%

Infectious disorders: HIV, hepatitis C, and COVID-19 pandemics.

Cherner¹,

Saloner²,

Sundermann³

et al. 2023

APA Handbook of Neuropsychology, Volume 1: Neurobehavioral Disorders and Conditions: Accepted Science and Open Questions (Vol.

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“…5,[13][14][15] Remarkably, HIV-NCI still occurs in 35-59% of youth with PHIV despite long-term ART and well-controlled viremia. 16,17 Among ART-treated youth, chronic neuroinflammation triggered by low-level viral replication and abnormal immune activation may drive ongoing neural injury. 6,12,18 Further, in the context of viral suppression, non-HIV-specific host factors may play critical roles in HIV-NCI.…”

Section: Heme Oxygenase-1 Promoter (Gt)n Alleles and Neurocognitive F...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Heme Oxygenase-1 Promoter (GT)n Alleles and Neurocognitive Functioning in Thai Youth with Perinatally-Acquired HIV: A Pilot Study

Santoro

Aurpibul

Kolson

et al. 2022

Preprint

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BackgroundHeme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) gene promoter (GT)n dinucleotide repeat length variations may modify HIV-associated neurocognitive impairment (HIV-NCI) risk. Among adults, short HO-1 (GT)n alleles associate with greater HO-1 antioxidant enzyme inducibility and lower rates of HIV-NCI. This pilot study examined associations between HO-1 (GT)n alleles and neurocognitive outcomes in a sample of Thai youth (13-23 years) with perinatally-acquired HIV (PHIV) and demographically-matched HIV-negative controls.MethodsParticipants completed neurocognitive testing and provided blood samples for DNA extraction and sequencing of HO-1 promoter (GT)n dinucleotide repeat lengths. Allele lengths were assigned based on number of (GT)n repeats: <27 Short (S); 27-34 Medium (M); >34 Long (L). Relationships between HO-1 (GT)n repeat lengths and neurocognitive measures were examined, and differences by HO-1 (GT)n allele genotypes were explored.ResultsNearly half (48%) of all HO-1 (GT)n promoter alleles were short. Longer repeat length of participants’ longest HO-1 (GT)n alleles significantly associated with poorer processing speed (Total sample: r=-.36, p=.01; PHIV only: r=-.69, p<.001). Compared to peers and controlling for covariates, SS/SM genotypes performed better in processing speed, and SS genotypes performed worse in working memory.ConclusionsA high frequency of short HO-1 (GT)n alleles was found among these Thai youth, as previously observed in other cohorts of people of Asian ancestry. In contrast to previous adult studies, the presence of a short allele alone did not associate with better neurocognitive performance, suggesting additional modifying effects among the different alleles. Research is needed to determine whether HO-1 (GT)n promoter genotypes differentially influence neurocognitive functioning across the lifespan and different ethnic backgrounds.

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