Neurocognitive functioning in patients with first-episode schizophrenia: results of a prospective 15-year follow-up study

Albus, Margot; Hubmann, W.; Mohr, F.; Tiedemann, T V; Pechler, Susanne; Drießlein, David; Küchenhoff, Helmut

doi:10.1007/s00406-019-01030-z

Cited by 44 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…For example, a previous study reported that verbal knowledge and memory decreased significantly, while processing speed and executive functions remained unchanged after 10 years follow-up since the first episode, supporting our findings that cognitive decline varied across cognitive dimensions 30 . However, our finding was inconsistent with a 15-year follow-up study, which reported that cognitive deficit is already present at the onset of SZ and remains stable over the follow-up period 28 . The difference between Albus et al and current study may be caused by the recruitment of patients (SZ, schizophreniform disorder, schizoaffective disorder vs SZ), age (below 60 years vs below 45 years) and the use of different cognitive scales (several independent cognitive tests vs RBANS scale).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…Our findings suggest that multiple dimensions of cognitive deficits exist in the early onset of psychosis and deteriorate further during the chronic progressive course of SZ patients. These results were consistent with other studies 28 , 29 . For example, a previous study reported that verbal knowledge and memory decreased significantly, while processing speed and executive functions remained unchanged after 10 years follow-up since the first episode, supporting our findings that cognitive decline varied across cognitive dimensions 30 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

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Genetic polymorphisms of BDNF on cognitive functions in drug-naive first episode patients with schizophrenia

Qiao²,

Liu

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is reported to be involved in cognitive decline in patients with schizophrenia (SZ). Previous studies have found that cognitive deficits remain stable during the chronic disease phase in SZ, but the findings were inconsistent. The role of BDNF in cognitive deficits at different stage of illness remains unclear. This study aimed to examine the effect of BDNF polymorphisms on cognitive deficits in drug-naïve first-episode (DNFE) patients and chronic patients with SZ. 262 DNFE patients, 844 chronic patients, and 1043 healthy controls were recruited to compare 4 polymorphisms in BDNF gene and cognitive function. We found that there was no significant difference in genotype and allele frequencies between SZ patients and controls. However, they were closely related to cognitive functioning. BDNF rs2030324 polymorphism played a strong role in language performance only in DNFE patients with SZ. The language index of DNFE patients with rs2030324 TT and TC genotypes was worse than that of chronic patients, but there was no significant difference in CC genotypes between DNFE and chronic patients. Rs6265 had no significant effect on cognitive functioning in patients and controls. Our result suggests BDNF gene polymorphisms were related to different domains of cognitive function at the different stage of SZ, especially language in DNFE patients.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Genetic polymorphisms of BDNF on cognitive functions in drug-naive first episode patients with schizophrenia

Qiao²,

Liu

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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“…Previous longitudinal investigations have achieved inconsistent results. Evidence has been provided of a progressive decline (Fett et al, 2020) or at least a lack of improvement (Albus et al, 2006; Bilder et al, 2006; Øie, Sundet, & Rund, 2010) that might start before illness onset (Meier et al, 2014) and is sometimes limited to specific functions (Juuhl-Langseth, Holmén, Thormodsen, Oie, & Rund, 2014; Stirling et al, 2003). However, a lack of deterioration (Bergh et al, 2016; Rodríguez-Sánchez et al, 2013), even in phases prior to illness onset, has also been reported (Carrión et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ten-year course of cognition in first-episode non-affective psychosis patients: PAFIP cohort

et al. 2020

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Background A large body of research states that cognitive impairment in schizophrenia is static. Nevertheless, most previous studies lack a control group or have small study samples or short follow-up periods. Method We aimed to address these limitations by studying a large epidemiological cohort of patients with first-episode schizophrenia spectrum disorders and a comparable control sample for a 10-year period. Results Our results support the generalized stability of cognitive functions in schizophrenia spectrum disorders considering the entire group. However, the existence of a subgroup of patients characterized by deteriorating cognition and worse long-term clinical outcomes must be noted. Nevertheless, it was not possible to identify concomitant factors or predictors of deterioration (all Ps > 0.05). Conclusions Cognitive functions in schizophrenia spectrum disorder are stable; however, a subgroup of subjects that deteriorate can be characterized.

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“…Therefore, it is not surprising that there was little to no overlap between reported results in terms of brain areas that showed peak activation differences. Decreased attention span and poor inhibitory control are well-characterized deficits associated with SZ ( 68 ), which has been linked to abnormal brain activation in the DLPFC, ACC, thalamus, and in inferior/posterior parietal areas ( 69 ). These brain areas are known to support cognitive control task performance in HC ( 70 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alterations in Task-Related Brain Activation in Children, Adolescents and Young Adults at Familial High-Risk for Schizophrenia or Bipolar Disorder - A Systematic Review

et al. 2020

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Children, adolescents, and young adults with at least one first-degree relative [familial high-risk (FHR)] with either schizophrenia (SZ) or bipolar disorder (BD) have a one-in-two risk of developing a psychiatric disorder. Here, we review functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies which examined task-related brain activity in young individuals with FHR-SZ and FHR-BD. A systematic search identified all published task-related fMRI studies in children, adolescents, and young adults below an age of 27 years with a first-degree relative with SZ or BD, but without manifest psychotic or affective spectrum disorder themselves. The search identified 19 cross-sectional fMRI studies covering four main cognitive domains: 1) working memory (n = 3), 2) cognitive control (n = 4), 3) reward processing (n = 3), and 4) emotion processing (n = 9). Thirteen studies included FHR-BD, five studies included FHR-SZ, and one study included a pooled FHR group. In general, task performance did not differ between the respective FHR groups and healthy controls, but 18 out of the 19 fMRI studies revealed regional alterations in task-related activation. Brain regions showing group differences in peak activation were regions associated with the respective task domain and showed little overlap between FHR-SZ and FHR-BD. The low number of studies, together with the low number of subjects, and the substantial heterogeneity of employed methodological approaches within the domain of working memory, cognitive control, and reward processing impedes finite conclusions. Emotion processing was the most investigated task domain in FHR-BD. Four studies reported differences in activation of the amygdala, and two studies reported differences in activation of inferior frontal/middle gyrus. Together, these studies provide evidence for altered brain processing of emotions in children, adolescents, and young adults at FHR-BD. More studies of higher homogeneity, larger sample sizes and with a longitudinal study design are warranted to prove a shared or specific FHR-related endophenotypic brain activation in young first-degree relatives of individuals with SZ or BD, as well as to pinpoint specific alterations in brain activation during cognitive-, emotional-, and reward-related tasks.

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Neurocognitive functioning in patients with first-episode schizophrenia: results of a prospective 15-year follow-up study

Cited by 44 publications

References 58 publications

Genetic polymorphisms of BDNF on cognitive functions in drug-naive first episode patients with schizophrenia

Genetic polymorphisms of BDNF on cognitive functions in drug-naive first episode patients with schizophrenia

Ten-year course of cognition in first-episode non-affective psychosis patients: PAFIP cohort

Alterations in Task-Related Brain Activation in Children, Adolescents and Young Adults at Familial High-Risk for Schizophrenia or Bipolar Disorder - A Systematic Review

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