Neurocognitive Endophenotypes in a Multiplex Multigenerational Family Study of Schizophrenia

Gur, Raquel E.; Nimgaonkar, Vishwajit L.; Almasy, Laura; Calkins, Monica E.; Ragland, J. Daniel; Pogue-Geile, Michael F.; Kanes, Stephen; Blangero, John; Gur, Ruben C.

doi:10.1176/ajp.2007.164.5.813

Cited by 201 publications

(169 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…All published studies used different face recognition tasks, differences in the results might therefore also stem from the different tasks. Our findings within the group of schizophrenia patients fit to the well-established facial memory disturbance in schizophrenia in general [3,4,8,47] . However, the finding is in contrast to the results of Lykouras et al [26] who reported no differences between patients with and without DMS in the performance in a variety of neuropsychological tasks, including the Benton visual retention task.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Several studies have focused on face identity and face emotion recognition in schizophrenia. Poor accuracy in face identity recognition has been reported in comparison to healthy controls [3][4][5] as well as to psychiatric controls [1,6] . The impairment is more pronounced in patients with a longer duration of illness [7] , suggesting progression over the course of the disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The impairment is more pronounced in patients with a longer duration of illness [7] , suggesting progression over the course of the disease. Furthermore, the deficit is likely to have a genetic component, since non-affected relatives of schizophrenia patients were found to perform better than patients, but worse than healthy controls, in face memory tests in terms of accuracy [8] and speed [4] . Heritability, however, has also been suggested for eye movements [9,10] , which are part of the visual system involved in face processing [11] and have repeatedly been shown to be altered in schizophrenia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Performance during Face Processing Differentiates Schizophrenia Patients with Delusional Misidentifications

Walther

Federspiel²,

Horn³

et al. 2010

Psychopathology

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Background: Delusional misidentification syndrome (DMS) is of considerable interest, but rarely diagnosed clinically. It is supposed to occur relatively frequently in schizophrenia, and to be related to the pathophysiology of face processing. Two antagonistic forms of DMS are the hypoidentification (Capgras) and hyperidentification (Fregoli) syndromes. We aimed to highlight differences between these subtypes using a face recognition memory task. Methods: Twenty schizophrenia patients (10 with DMS) and 21 healthy controls memorized the images of unknown neutral faces (targets). After a 10-min interval, accuracy and reaction times were recorded during a recognition task consisting of targets (newly learned faces), as well as familiar and unfamiliar face images. The 10 DMS patients could be further subdivided into 6 patients with Fregoli syndrome and 4 with Capgras syndrome. Results: Patients with DMS had longer reaction times than controls or patients without DMS (p < 0.001). Fregoli patients had longer reaction times (p < 0.001) and lower discrimination accuracy than Capgras patients (p = 0.019). These results were independent of other clinical variables. Conclusions: Face recognition differs between clinically identified subgroups of schizophrenia and between types of DMS. The results indicate independent pathophysiological mechanisms for Capgras (hypoidentification) and Fregoli (hyperidentification) syndromes in schizophrenia.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Performance during Face Processing Differentiates Schizophrenia Patients with Delusional Misidentifications

Walther

Federspiel²,

Horn³

et al. 2010

Psychopathology

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“…39,41,45,46 The fact that TD transcends formal diagnostic categories is consistent with the nonspecificity of many symptoms of SMI and with the nonspecificity of many cognitive and biological phenotypes in probands and in their clinically unaffected relatives. 6,[47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60] This nonspecificity is also consistent with the substantial (but incomplete 61,62 ) overlap in genetic susceptibility loci across psychiatric disorders [63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70] and with recent work documenting that the familial aggregation of psychiatric disorders is much less specific than had been thought. [71][72][73][74][75][76][77] Both Kraepelin and Bleuler observed that the biological family members of SZ patients often displayed what appeared to be attenuated SZ traits (eg, odd speech), and concluded that the psychopathology of SZ was not limited to the psychotic form of the illness.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Thought Disorder in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder Probands, Their Relatives, and Nonpsychiatric Controls

Morgan

Coleman

Ülgen

et al. 2017

Schizophrenia Bulletin

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Thought disorder (TD) has long been associated with schizophrenia (SZ) and is now widely recognized as a symptom of mania and other psychotic disorders as well. Previous studies have suggested that the TD found in the clinically unaffected relatives of SZ, schizoaffective and bipolar probands is qualitatively similar to that found in the probands themselves. Here, we examine which quantitative measures of TD optimize the distinction between patients with diagnoses of SZ and bipolar disorder with psychotic features (BP) from nonpsychiatric controls (NC) and from each other. In addition, we investigate whether these same TD measures also distinguish their respective clinically unaffected relatives (RelSZ, RelBP) from controls as well as from each other. We find that deviant verbalizations are significantly associated with SZ and are co-familial in clinically unaffected RelSZ, but are dissociated from, and are not co-familial for, BP disorder. In contrast, combinatory thinking was nonspecifically associated with psychosis, but did not aggregate in either group of relatives. These results provide further support for the usefulness of TD for identifying potential non-penetrant carriers of SZ-risk genes, in turn enhancing the power of genetic analyses. These findings also suggest that further refinement of the TD phenotype may be needed in order to be suitable for use in genetic studies of bipolar disorder.

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“…IQ), executive functions, sustained attention/ vigilance and verbal declarative memory [22][23][24][25]. In addition to their potential roles in furthering an understanding of the genetic etiology of schizophrenia, neuropsychological endophenotypes are significant for clinical/functional reasons.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent developments in neuropsychological endophenotypes for schizophrenia: Development of the MATRICS battery, liability syndromes and the near future

Stone

Hsi

2011

Chin. Sci. Bull.

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Cognitive deficits are now recognized widely as core features of schizophrenia, and as major contributors to the clinical outcome of the disorder. They are also studied widely as 'endophenotypes', reflecting a growing consensus that schizophrenia is a broader, more multidimensional illness than the diagnostic criteria required for its formal diagnosis. This evolving view of cognition underlies its utilization in recent initiatives for intervention and assessment in schizophrenia. Two of these initiatives are reviewed in this paper. The first focuses on the development and validation of the MATRICS Cognitive Consensus Battery, a standardized battery of neuropsychological tests developed to assess the effectiveness of cognitive enhancing treatments in schizophrenia. A part of this effort includes the identification of performance-based, 'co-primary' measures of functional capacity that are related to cognition, and that are likely to show improvement at least partly as a function of improved cognition. The second initiative involves efforts to utilize neuropsychological deficits in the identification, validation and remediation of a liability syndrome for schizophrenia ('schizotaxia'). The discussion of this effort focuses on the development of a syndrome that is both measurable and meaningful clinically, and that may provide useful intervention targets. The utilization of cognition in both of these initiatives underscores its functional importance in the clinical outcome of schizophrenia. Moreover, it helps to illuminate indicators of liability for schizophrenia that might be amenable to remediation. schizophrenia, schizotaxia, cognition, liability syndrome, MATRICS, neuropsychology Citation:Stone W S, Hsi X. Recent developments in neuropsychological endophenotypes for schizophrenia: Development of the MATRICS battery, liability syndromes and the near future.

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Neurocognitive Endophenotypes in a Multiplex Multigenerational Family Study of Schizophrenia

Cited by 201 publications

References 41 publications

Performance during Face Processing Differentiates Schizophrenia Patients with Delusional Misidentifications

Performance during Face Processing Differentiates Schizophrenia Patients with Delusional Misidentifications

Thought Disorder in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder Probands, Their Relatives, and Nonpsychiatric Controls

Recent developments in neuropsychological endophenotypes for schizophrenia: Development of the MATRICS battery, liability syndromes and the near future

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