Neurocognitive and Information Processing Biases in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Vasterling, Jennifer J.; Hall, Kathi

doi:10.1007/s11920-018-0964-1

Cited by 34 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 111 publications

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“…Seventy-seven percent of people in the United States own smartphones (Pew Research Center, 2019), which means that treatments administered on mobile devices have the potential to solve challenges to treatment access. PTSD has been linked with elevated sensitivity to threat as indexed by altered affective and biological reactivity to threat-related stimuli (Badura-Brack et al, 2018; Niles et al, 2018; Vasterling & Arditte Hall, 2018) and with threat-related attention biases, in some but not all studies (Bar-Haim, Lamy, Pergamin, Bakermans-Kranenburg, & van IJzendoorn, 2007; Fani et al, 2012; Kruijt, Putman, & Van der Does, 2013). In fact, exaggerated threat sensitivity may underlie several symptoms of PTSD, including alterations in arousal, reactivity, and avoidance.…”

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confidence: 99%

Randomized Controlled Trial Testing Mobile-Based Attention-Bias Modification for Posttraumatic Stress Using Personalized Word Stimuli

Niles

Woolley

Tripp

et al. 2020

Clinical Psychological Science

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Although behavioral therapies are effective for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), access for patients is limited. Attention-bias modification (ABM), a cognitive-training intervention designed to reduce attention bias for threat, can be broadly disseminated using technology. We remotely tested an ABM mobile app for PTSD. Participants ( N = 689) were randomly assigned to personalized ABM, nonpersonalized ABM, or placebo training. ABM was a modified dot-probe paradigm delivered daily for 12 sessions. Personalized ABM included words selected using a recommender algorithm. Placebo included only neutral words. Primary outcomes (PTSD and anxiety) and secondary outcomes (depression and PTSD clusters) were collected at baseline, after training, and at 5-week-follow-up. Mechanisms assessed during treatment were attention bias and self-reported threat sensitivity. No group differences emerged on outcomes or attention bias. Nonpersonalized ABM showed greater declines in self-reported threat sensitivity than placebo ( p = .044). This study constitutes the largest mobile-based trial of ABM to date. Findings do not support the effectiveness of mobile ABM for PTSD.

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confidence: 99%

Randomized Controlled Trial Testing Mobile-Based Attention-Bias Modification for Posttraumatic Stress Using Personalized Word Stimuli

Niles

Woolley

Tripp

et al. 2020

Clinical Psychological Science

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“…Generally, right ATR FA and functional connectivity predictors were correlated positively, whereas correlations were negative in the case of left ATR. We speculate that this laterality may reflect some of the neurocognitive characteristics of PTSD (Vasterling & Arditte Hall, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

White matter integrity and functional predictors of response to repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for posttraumatic stress disorder and major depression

et al. 2019

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Background: Recent evidence suggests that therapeutic repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is an effective treatment for pharmacoresistant posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and comorbid major depressive disorder (MDD). We recently demonstrated that response to 5 Hz TMS administered to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex was predicted by functional connectivity of the medial prefrontal (MPFC) and subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sgACC). This functionallydefined circuit is a novel target for treatment optimization research, however, our limited knowledge of the structural pathways that underlie this functional predisposition is a barrier to target engagement research.Methods: To investigate underlying structural elements of our previous functional connectivity findings, we submitted pre-TMS diffusion-weighted imaging data from 20 patients with PTSD and MDD to anatomically constrained tract-based probabilistic tractography (FreeSurfer's TRActs Constrained by UnderLying Anatomy). Averaged pathway fractional anisotropy (FA) was extracted from four frontal white matter tracts: the forceps minor, cingulum, anterior thalamic radiations (ATRs), and uncinate fasciculi. Tract FA statistics were treated as explanatory variables in backward regressions testing the relationship between tract integrity and functional connectivity coefficients from MPFC and sgACC predictors of symptom improvement after TMS.Results: FA in the ATRs was consistently associated with symptom improvement in PTSD and MDD (Bonferroni-corrected p < .05). Conclusion:We found that structural characteristics of the ATR account for significant variance in individual-level functional predictors of post-TMS improvement. TMS optimization studies should target this circuit either in stand-alone or successive TMS stimulation protocols. K E Y W O R D S diffusion magnetic resonance imaging, major depressive disorder, posttraumatic stress disorders, transcranial magnetic stimulation, white matter

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“…However, PTSD-related symptomatology and distress improved equally across both training conditions. To conclude, there is some first evidence showing that high interference control training may yield beneficial effects on WMC and symptoms of intrusive re-experiencing (for a review on information processing biases and cognitive trainings in PTSD, see e.g., Vasterling & Hall, 2018;Woud, Verwoerd, & Krans, 2017).…”

Section: 研究主动干扰控制训练对闯入性记忆的影响mentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the effect of proactive interference control training on intrusive memories

Woud

Heeren

Shkreli

et al. 2019

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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Intrusive re-experiencing is a hallmark symptom of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). According to prominent models of intrusive phenomena, intrusive memories may result from impairments in the efficiency of working memory capacity (WMC), more specifically proactive interference control. Yet, experimental research is scarce. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate experimentally the role of proactive interference control in intrusive memories. We randomly assigned 57 healthy participants to either receive a high interference control training or a low interference control training. Participants were then exposed to highly distressing film clips. WMC was assessed before and after the training. Intrusion symptoms were assessed directly post-training and after one week using an Intrusion Provocation Task (IPT), a one-week intrusions diary, and the retrospective intrusion subscale of the Impact of Event Sale-Revised (IES-R). Results indicated that both groups reported improvements in WMC and fewer intrusions on the second IPT post-training, with no differences between groups. Similarly, no group differences on intrusions were found at one-week follow-up (i.e., intrusion diary and IES-R). To conclude, these data are not consistent with the hypothesis that WMC plays a role in intrusive re-experiencing. Implications for future research are discussed.

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Neurocognitive and Information Processing Biases in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Cited by 34 publications

References 111 publications

Randomized Controlled Trial Testing Mobile-Based Attention-Bias Modification for Posttraumatic Stress Using Personalized Word Stimuli

Randomized Controlled Trial Testing Mobile-Based Attention-Bias Modification for Posttraumatic Stress Using Personalized Word Stimuli

White matter integrity and functional predictors of response to repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for posttraumatic stress disorder and major depression

Investigating the effect of proactive interference control training on intrusive memories

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