Neurochemistry of Cerebrospinal Fluid in Normal Individuals

Ballenger, James C.; Post, Robert M.; Goodwin, Frederick K.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-9269-3_9

Cited by 16 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…of 40.6±11.8 years (range: 21–63 years). Measurements of CSF HVA concentration in both the control and PD subjects were comparable to values previously reported (Ballenger et al, 1980; LeWitt and Galloway, 1990), as were measurements of CSF XAN concentration (Amorini et al, 2009; Degrell and Niklasson, 1988; Eells and Spector, 1983; Kurčacka et al, 1996; Niklasson et al, 1983; Stover et al, 1997; Toghi et al, 1993). CSF concentrations (nM) of XAN and HVA were highly correlated for both the healthy control (r=0.73) and for the PD subjects (r=0.68 for the initial CSF collection; for both controls and PD, p<0.001).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

CSF xanthine, homovanillic acid, and their ratio as biomarkers of Parkinson's disease

et al. 2011

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Diminished nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurotransmission is a biochemical hallmark of Parkinson’s disease. Despite this, a reliable trait biomarker of sporadic Parkinson’s disease has not emerged from measurements of cerebrospinal fluid dopamine metabolites. Previous studies have highlighted strong neurochemical relationships between dopamine and various purine compounds. In this study, we analyzed cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of homovanillic acid (the major catabolite of dopamine) and the purine compound xanthine for a comparison of 217 unmedicated Parkinson’s disease subjects and 26 healthy controls. These compounds were highly correlated for both the Parkinson’s disease subjects (r=0.68) and for controls (r=0.73; both groups, p<0.001). While neither homovanillic acid nor xanthine concentrations differentiated Parkinson’s disease from controls, their ratio did. For controls, the mean [xanthine]/[homovanillic acid] quotient was 13.1±5.5 as compared to the Parkinson’s disease value of 17.4±6.7 at an initial lumbar CSF collection (p=0.0017), and 19.7±8.7 (p<0.001) at a second CSF collection up to 24 months later. The [xanthine]/[homovanillic acid] ratio in the Parkinson’s disease subjects differed as a function of disease severity, as measured by the sum of Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale Activities of Daily Living and Motor Exam ratings. The [xanthine]/[homovanillic acid] ratio also increased between the first and second CSF collections, suggesting that this quotient provides both a state and trait biomarker of Parkinson’s disease. These observations add to other neurochemical evidence that links purine metabolism to Parkinson’s disease.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

CSF xanthine, homovanillic acid, and their ratio as biomarkers of Parkinson's disease

et al. 2011

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“…In some studies there was no correlation between height and the concentrations of MHPG, DBH, HVA and 5 HIAA (Ballenger et al, 1983;Stahl et al, 1985). Wode-Helgodt and Sedwall (1978) found the same relationship between height and the levels of HVA as we did.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…However, in more recent studies, similarly to the present study, after having evaluated normal subjects strictly, Ballenger et al (1983) and Guthrie et al (1986) found no significant correlations between age and monoamine metabolite concentrations. Our results agree with their findings, however, the number of subjects in our oldest group is relatively small.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

“…Previously, there had not been any relationship between weight and neuropeptides demonstrated. Earlier, noradrenaline levels had been related negatively to weight (Ballenger et al, 1983). The significance of this finding, however, remains open or can be due to a coincidence.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 53%

“…Acetylcholinesterase (ACHE), a cholinergic marker in the CSF, was reported to increase with age by some authors (Tune et al, 1985;Elble et al, 1987;Atack et al, 1988). The concentration of homovanillic acid (HVA), the main metabolite of dopamine, was found to increase in aged subjects (Gottfries et al, 1971;Bareggi et al, 1982;Palmer et al, 1984;Stahl et al, 1985), but also unaltered levels were reported (Ballenger et al, 1983). No age related changes of the levels of CSF 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5HIAA), a metabolic of serotonin, and of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyglycol (MHPG), a metabolite of noradrenalin, were shown (Ballenger et al, 1983; into two periods-the light period (spring and summer) and the dark period (autumn and winter), due to the strong seasonal changes in the climate of Scandinavia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Neurotransmitter markers in the cerebrospinal fluid of normal subjects effects of aging and other confounding factors

Hartikainen

Soininen

Reinikainen

et al. 1991

J. Neural Transmission

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We have investigated neurotransmitter-related markers of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in a carefully screened series of normally aging subjects in standardized conditions in order to find out the influence of age and other confounding factors on CSF measures. The levels of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyglycol (MHPG) and the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) also increased with age, while homovanillic acid (HVA), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5 HIAA) and immunoreactivities of somatostatin (SLI), beta-endorphin (BLI) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) were unrelated to age. The gender of subjects had no significant effect on the levels of neurotransmitter markers, while seasonal changes, as well as height and weight of the subjects seemed to cause some variations in the levels of HVA, dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) and ACTH. The study underscores the importance of standardized conditions and matched patient groups in the CSF studies.

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Cerebrospinal Fluid Amine Metabolites

Redmond¹

1986

Arch Gen Psychiatry

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Neurochemistry of Cerebrospinal Fluid in Normal Individuals

Cited by 16 publications

References 49 publications

CSF xanthine, homovanillic acid, and their ratio as biomarkers of Parkinson's disease

CSF xanthine, homovanillic acid, and their ratio as biomarkers of Parkinson's disease

Neurotransmitter markers in the cerebrospinal fluid of normal subjects effects of aging and other confounding factors

Cerebrospinal Fluid Amine Metabolites

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