Neurochemical, Neuroendocrine and Biorhythmic Aspects of Sleep in Man: Relationship to Clinical Pathological Disorders

Broughton, Roger

doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-3066-0_20

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…It is almost certainly controlled by the brain stem mechanisms generating the BRAC, that is the sleep regulating biochemical clock of Jouvet (1969) or the oscillator of Kripke (1974). It perhaps ensures both periodic impulse for feeding and species propagation (Broughton, 1974;Kripke, 1974), plus over-all equilibrated symmetry of activity of the two hemispheres, whose complimentary multiple functions are essential for health and indeed for survival.…”

Section: Ultradian Rhythms In Wakefulnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A number of relevant studies are in a recent volume edited by Colquhoun (1972). I have elsewhere reviewed (Broughton, 1974) the recent literature showing that most of the hormones considered as "stress hormones" have their major secretory episodes controlled at least in part by sleep with the exception of plasma cortisol which has a synchronous, but independent and not causally related, circadian nocturnal peak. Disturbances of circadian rhythms by the external factors mentioned above or by personal stress and conflict, as well as producing changes in awareness, performance and sleep patterns, will further lead to disruption of the normal circadian and ultradian profiles of these stress hormones.…”

Section: Relationships Of Biorhythmicity To Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has also already been proposed that, amongst its other functions, sleep is related to stress release and that excessive phasic activity hi a particular neural system, for instance the auditory system, may reflect increased discharge of neural stress in that system as might, in the instance given, be induced by excessive noise or conflicting auditory distraction (Broughton, 1974). Baseline levels of phasic discharge seemingly reflect neurochemical processes involved in the oscillation of the BRAC.…”

Section: Relationships Of Biorhythmicity To Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biorhythmic variations in consciousness and psychological functions.

Broughton¹

1975

Canadian Psychological Review / Psychologie Canadienne

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155

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Table 1. Group differences in the incidence of sleep problems HVG LVG x2 ~~~ Wake in early morning 74.4% 90.9% 4.14** (experience) Fatigue on rising 13.3% 50.0% 13.87*** Wake after sleep onset 14.2% 41.9% 5.48" (more than three times) Dissatisfaction of sleep 11.2% 24.4% 2.74' enviromient Most individuals in the HVG took a habitual nap at 14.00-14.30 h. It is thought that the nap of the HVG reflected the circasemidian (2Iday) cycle which was reported by Broughton." The time of nap in LVG was dispersed, and formed two lower peaks, which suggests that individuals in LVG took a nap at different time of day. Most individuals in the HVG preferred to take an appetitive nap, while the individuals in LVG took a replacement nap. These results demonstrate that high volitional aged individuals have well regulated daily lives, with a habit of appetitive napping without insomniac problems. HVG, high volitional group; LVG, low volitional group. *P < 0.10, P < 0.05, ***P < 0.01. Items appeared in the sleep health questionnaire. tt mean wake time. The subjects whose individual mean wake time was shorter than the average were defined as appetitive nappers. O n the other hand, subjects whose individual mean wake time was longer than the average were defined as replacement nappers. The number of appetitive napper was significantly higher in HVG than in LVG (76.2 us 50.0%), and the number of replacement nappers in LVG was higher than those of HVG (23.8 u5 50.0%). DISCUSSION This study revealed that high volitional aged individuals had good sleep. Sleep problems related to volitional level were found to be in the nature of waking in early morning, frequency and duration of intermittent awakening, fatigue at rising and dissatisfaction with the sleeping environment. These results supported the findings of Tanaka et al. Abstract In order to investigate the gender difference of sleep and activity in middle-aged and aged individuals, home-based sleep was self-evaluated for sleep quality and activity for 5 nights in 20 healthy adults (50-76 years old; 11 women, nine men). There was no significant gender difference for subjective sleep quality. However, the activity level and movement index at night were significantly higher in men than in women, and the activity level during the day was significantly lower in men than in women. The objective sleep quality of men was significantly worse than that of women, however, subjective sleep quality does not differ.

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Section: Ultradian Rhythms In Wakefulnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Relationships Of Biorhythmicity To Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Relationships Of Biorhythmicity To Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biorhythmic variations in consciousness and psychological functions.

Broughton¹

1975

Canadian Psychological Review / Psychologie Canadienne

Self Cite

155

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“…(4) Although it may be argued by some that Jouvet's (1975) illustration of oneiric activity in cats is not proof of true dreaming in animals other than man, we will agree that at least humans dream and that we do not choose to do this but are put through these paces each night by the neuronal systems in our mid-and hindbrains. During sleep, we are also subjected to changing hormonal tides (Broughton, 1974;Luce, 1971), which themselves presumably have been produced by the endocrine glands in response to changing signals from the pituitary and, ultimately, the hypothalamus.…”

Section: Sleep and Dreamsmentioning

confidence: 99%