Neurochemical, endocrine and immunological responses to stress in young and old Fischer 344 male rats

Lorens, Stanley A.; Hata, Norio; Handa, Robert J.; Kar, Louis D. Van de; Guschwan, Marianne; Góral, Joanna; Lee, John M.; Hamilton, Margaret E.; Bethea, Cynthia L.; Clancy, John

doi:10.1016/0197-4580(90)90047-4

Cited by 92 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…To the best of our knowledge, the present experiment is the first to demonstrate that exposure to a predator odor enhances NA transmission within the BNST. Similar changes were also detected after stress induced by foot shocks or other stressors (Tsuda and Tanaka, 1985;Lorens et al, 1990).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Noradrenaline Transmission within the Ventral Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis Is Critical for Fear Behavior Induced by Trimethylthiazoline, a Component of Fox Odor

Fendt¹,

Siegl²,

Steiniger‐Brach³

2005

J. Neurosci.

104

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The bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) is involved in the mediation of fear behavior in rats. A previous study of our laboratory demonstrated that temporary inactivation of the BNST blocks fear behavior induced by exposure to trimethylthiazoline (TMT), a component of fox odor. The present study investigates whether noradrenaline release within the BNST is critical for TMT-induced fear behavior. First, we confirmed previous studies showing that the ventral BNST is the part of the BNST that receives the densest noradrenaline innervation. Second, using in vivo microdialysis, we showed that noradrenaline release within the BNST is strongly increased during TMT exposure, and that this increase can be blocked by local infusions of the ␣ 2 -receptor blocker clonidine. Third, using intracerebral injections, we showed that clonidine injections into the ventral BNST, but not into neighboring brain sites, completely blocked TMTinduced potentiation of freezing behavior. The present data clearly show that the noradrenergic innervation of the ventral BNST is important for the full expression of behavioral signs of fear to the predator odor TMT.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Noradrenaline Transmission within the Ventral Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis Is Critical for Fear Behavior Induced by Trimethylthiazoline, a Component of Fox Odor

Fendt¹,

Siegl²,

Steiniger‐Brach³

2005

J. Neurosci.

104

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“… Sonntag et al, [439] found no age-related changes in the diurnal rhythm or concentrations of plasma corticosterone, when plasma samples were analyzed from young (3-4 mo), middle-aged (10-12 mo) and old (22-24 mo) male rats.  As reported by Lorens et al, [440], the basal plasma corticosterone levels in the young (7 mo) and aged (22 mo) rats did not differ significantly when measured between 09:00-13:30. In contrast, the stress-induced increase in corticosterone levels were of greater magnitude in aged rats (155% compared to their age-matched control) as compared to young rats (88% higher compared to young control group), suggesting that stress leads to an exaggerated corticosterone in the aged rats.…”

Section: Fisher 344 (F344) Ratssupporting

confidence: 59%

Impact of Aging on Steroid Hormone Biosynthesis and Secretion

Zaidi¹

2013

TOLSJ

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Steroid hormones are lipophilic, low-molecular weight organic compounds all of which are derived from cholesterol. They are primarily synthesized by steroidogenic glands such as gonads (ovary and testis), the adrenal gland and, during pregnancy, by the placental trophoblasts. Limited steroid synthesis also takes place in the brain. Steroid hormones are crucial for the proper functioning of the body. They mediate a wide variety of vital physiological functions, ranging from maintaining normal reproductive function and secondary sexual characteristics, to regulating virtually every metabolic process in the body. Like many age-related endocrine disorders, aging also progressively impacts the tissue-specific synthesis and secretion of steroid hormones. The goal of this review is to summarize the effects of aging on steroid hormone synthesis and secretion by the adrenal gland and gonads of both human and experimental animal models, to describe the potential involvement of excessive oxidative stress in mediating age-related alterations in steroidogenesis, and to discuss the possible underlying mechanisms involved.

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“…Most [17, 18, 19], but not all [20]animal studies not only found HPA system activity to increase with aging, but also suggested a decrease in hippocampal MR to be the most significant contributor to these changes. Therefore, the similarity between diurnal HPA system activity after spironolactone and in the elderly lends additional support to the assumption that in humans a decrease in hippocampal MR density leads to a rise in HPA system activity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mineralocorticoid Receptor also Modulates Basal Activity of Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenocortical System in Humans

et al. 1998

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Hippocampal mineralocorticoid (MRs) and glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) have been demonstrated to regulate the activity of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) system. To elucidate the role of the hippocampal MR in the circadian activity of the human HPA system, we studied diurnal secretory profiles of corticotropin (ACTH) and cortisol in 10 healthy male humans before and after an 8-day treatment with the MR antagonist spironolactone. 24-hour blood sampling at 30-min intervals was performed for estimation of cortisol (q30) and ACTH (q120). Saliva cortisol was measured for estimation of unbound cortisol. At the end of the 24-hour sampling period a corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) challenge was performed. High plasma concentrations of the active metabolite canrenone were achieved (begin of sampling: 2,653 ± 693 nmol/l; end of sampling: 747 ± 177 nmol/l). There was a significant increase in the diurnal minima (37.1 ± 13.3 vs. 23.7 ± 8.9 nmol/l, p < 0.02) and mean cortisol (193.5 ± 25.8 vs. 173.0 ± 23.0 nmol/l, p < 0.03) plasma concentrations. However, the diurnal peak concentrations and pulsatile secretory features were unchanged after spironolactone treatment. For saliva cortisol, the only significant treatment difference was a decrease in the diurnal amplitude of cortisol relative to the diurnal mean concentration (2.56 ± 0.47 vs. 3.11 ± 0.87, p < 0.03). After spironolactone treatment there was a decrease in diurnal mean ACTH concentrations (46.2 ± 14.4 vs. 41.8 ± 10.3 pmol/l). There was no difference in the ACTH and cortisol response after infusion of CRH before and after spironolactone treatment. CBG plasma concentrations were significantly increased (22.4 ± 2.3 vs. 19.2 ± 2.7 mg/l, p < 0.01) after spironolactone treatment, which possibly contributed to the observed increase in plasma cortisol. In summary, as predicted from animal studies we found significant effects of MR antagonization to be restricted to time windows of low HPA system activity. These findings are similar to the effects of aging upon the HPA system. However, the effect of spironolactone treatment was small, suggesting that the HPA system activity in humans is modulated but not regulated by the hippocampal MR.

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Neurochemical, endocrine and immunological responses to stress in young and old Fischer 344 male rats

Cited by 92 publications

References 59 publications

Noradrenaline Transmission within the Ventral Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis Is Critical for Fear Behavior Induced by Trimethylthiazoline, a Component of Fox Odor

Noradrenaline Transmission within the Ventral Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis Is Critical for Fear Behavior Induced by Trimethylthiazoline, a Component of Fox Odor

Impact of Aging on Steroid Hormone Biosynthesis and Secretion

Mineralocorticoid Receptor also Modulates Basal Activity of Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenocortical System in Humans

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