Neurochemical coding of enteric neurons in the guinea pig stomach

Schemann, Michael; Schaaf, Cornelia; Mäder, Michael

doi:10.1002/cne.903530202

Cited by 156 publications

(182 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…This is supported by the abolition of staining by preadsorption of 1.B3.9B3 with human placental ChAT and the lack of staining with an irrelevant, isotypematched monoclonal antibody (anti-hepatitis B surface antigen). The localization of ChAT IR in the submucosal and myenteric plexi is consistent with other reports that employed immunocytochemistry on whole mounts (Furness et al 1984(Furness et al ,1985Schemann et al 1993Schemann et al ,1995Mann et al 1995), including studies that successfully used 1.B3.9B3 (Schemann et al 1993(Schemann et al ,1995. In addition, ChAT IR and activity in endothelia of various tissues have been previously described (Parnavelas et al 1985;Gonzalez and Santos-Benito 1987;Milner et al 1989), and there are reports of ChAT in epithelial cells (Grando et al 1993;Sakuragawa et al 1997) and lymphocytes (Rinner and Schauenstein 1993).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…However, this enzyme is found in relatively small amounts in neural tissue, complicating the development of immunostaining methods in the enteric nervous system (Schemann et al 1993). Therefore, immunocytochemistry for ChAT has as yet been applied only to frozen sections and whole mounts in a limited number of studies in the enteric nervous system (Furness et al 1984(Furness et al ,1985Schemann et al 1993Schemann et al ,1995Mann et al 1995). Whole mounts and frozen section preparations do not permit the same microscopic resolution as paraffin sections and preclude the use of archival tissue.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Choline Acetyltransferase (ChAT) Immunoreactivity in Paraffin Sections of Normal and Diseased Intestines

Ratcliffe

Desa

Dixon

et al. 1998

J Histochem Cytochem.

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SUMMARYThere is increasing interest in localizing nerves in the intestine, especially specific populations of nerves. At present, the usual histochemical marker for cholinergic nerves in tissue sections is acetylcholinesterase activity. However, such techniques are applicable only to frozen sections and have uncertain specificity. Choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) is also present in cholinergic nerves, and we therefore aimed to establish a paraffin section immunocytochemical technique using an anti-ChAT antibody. Monoclonal anti-choline acetyltransferase (1.B3.9B3) and a biotin-streptavidin detection system were used to study the distribution of ChAT immunoreactivity (ChAT IR) in paraffin-embedded normal and diseased gastrointestinal tracts from both rats and humans. Optimal staining was seen after 6-24 hr of fixation in neutral buffered formalin and overnight incubation in 1 g/ml of 1.B3.9B3, with a similar distribution to that seen in frozen sections. In the rat diaphragm (used as a positive control), axons and motor endplates were ChAT IR. Proportions of ganglion cells and nerve fibers in the intramural plexi of both human and rat gastrointestinal tracts were also ChAT IR, as well as extrinsic nerve bundles in aganglionic segments of Hirschsprung's disease. Mucosal cholinergic nerves, however, were not visualized. In addition, non-neuronal cells such as endothelium, epithelium, and inflammatory cells were ChAT IR. We were able to localize ChAT to nerves in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections. The presence of ChAT IR in non-neuronal cells indicates that this method should be used in conjunction with other antibodies. Nevertheless, it proves to be a useful technique for studying cholinergic neuronal distinction in normal tissues and pathological disorders.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Choline Acetyltransferase (ChAT) Immunoreactivity in Paraffin Sections of Normal and Diseased Intestines

Ratcliffe

Desa

Dixon

et al. 1998

J Histochem Cytochem.

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“…Co-localization of CART with neurotransmitters, which are markers of nerve structures with opposing functions, may suggest that CART acts as a neuromodulator of neurotransmission in both excitatory and inhibitory neurons. A similar situation with regard to other neurotransmitters and/or neuromodulators has been observed in the guinea pig, in which, in both cholinergic and nitrergic enteric neurons, the same various neuronal factors, such as neuropeptide Y (NPY), VIP, SP and /or LENK were determined (Schemann et al 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Distribution and chemical coding patterns of cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript-like immunoreactive (CART-LI) neurons in the enteric nervous system of the porcine stomach cardia

Rękawek¹,

Sobiech²,

Gonkowski³

et al. 2015

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences

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The aim of this study was to determine the presence of cocaine-and amphetamine-regulated transcript-like immunoreactive (CART-LI) neurons and co-localisation of CART with vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT), neuronal nitric oxide synthase (n-NOS), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), substance P (SP) and leu-enkephalin (LENK) in the enteric nervous system of the porcine gastric cardia by using a double-labelling immunofluorescence technique. CART-LI neurons were observed in the myenteric plexus (18.2±2.6%). A dense network of CART-LI nerve fibers was mainly observed in the muscular layer. CART showed co-localization mainly with VAChT, n-NOS, VIP and to a lesser degree with LENK and SP. Distribution of CART and its co-localization with other neurotransmitters suggest that this peptide plays an important role in gastric motility in the pig.

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“…amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or multiple system atrophy (Milonas, 1998;Benarroch et al, 2006). Currently, choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) -the acetylcholine biosynthetic enzyme is generally accepted as a specific marker for the identification of cholinergic neurons in both the central and the peripheral nervous system (Eckenstein and Thoenen, 1982;Furness et al, 1983;Wainer et al, 1984;Kasa, 1986;Schemann et al, 1993Schemann et al, , 1995.…”

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confidence: 99%

Organization of acetylcholine containing structures in the cranial motor nuclei of the rhombencephalon of the pig

Załęcki¹,

Całka²,

Łakomy³

2007

Vet. Med. - Czech

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ABSTRACT:We explored the immunoreactivity of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) in the cranial nerve motor nuclei of the porcine rhombencephalon to reveal the cholinergic nature of these regions. In our experiments we used an immunohistochemical method for the visualization of all acetylcholine-containing structures. All studied motor nuclei contained ChAT-positive cell bodies and fibres, but the intensity of staining differed between the nuclei. Furthermore, characteristic ChAT-immunoreactive bouton-like structures, which are known to be synaptic terminals of the cholinergic system, were observed in the borders of all studied regions. The localization of ChAT-positive "boutons" in the neuropil of the examined nuclei and their proximity to stained perikarya allowed us to differentiate two groups of motor nuclei in the rhombencephalon of the pig: (a) Nuclei containing ChAT-positive bouton-like structures dispersed in the neuropil, often establishing contacts with the stained cell bodies -motor trigeminal, abducent, facial, ambiguous and hypoglossal nuclei. (b) Nuclei in which characteristic boutons were dispersed among the ChAT-positive cells, but were devoid of any contact with perikarya -dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve. These results provide new data on the porcine central nervous system and could be useful in further experiments on amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) -the disease that results in the progressive degeneration of motoneurons in the brain and spinal cord.

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Neurochemical coding of enteric neurons in the guinea pig stomach

Cited by 156 publications

References 62 publications

Choline Acetyltransferase (ChAT) Immunoreactivity in Paraffin Sections of Normal and Diseased Intestines

Choline Acetyltransferase (ChAT) Immunoreactivity in Paraffin Sections of Normal and Diseased Intestines

Distribution and chemical coding patterns of cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript-like immunoreactive (CART-LI) neurons in the enteric nervous system of the porcine stomach cardia

Organization of acetylcholine containing structures in the cranial motor nuclei of the rhombencephalon of the pig

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