Neurochemical changes in brain serotonin neurons in immature and adult offspring prenatally exposed to cocaine

Abstract

This study assesses the efficacy of cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) in treating premenstrual dysphoric changes. The CBT condition (n = 24) aimed to modify dysfunctional thinking as a means of impacting on negative premenstrual symptoms and changes. The components of CBT were cognitive restructuring and assertion training. A comparison condition called 'information-focused therapy' (IFT) (n = 9) aimed to present information only and did not address belief restructuring. The components were relaxation training, nutritional and vitamin guidelines, dietary and lifestyle recommendations, aspects of child management training and assertion training. Results indicated that the amelioration of anxiety, depression, negative thoughts and physical changes can be effectively addressed by either CBT or IFT. The extent to which a woman's belief system is critical in the experience of premenstrual distress requires further empirical investigation.

The effect of long-term repeated exposure to 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine on cardiovascular and thermoregulatory changes

“…This was done because the baseline data for the 6-and 1-week groups were different due to age. This is consistent with other studies showing concentrations of monoamines, especially 5-HT, in the cortex change with age of rats (Bhaskaran and Radha 1984;Cabrera-Vera et al 2000;Miguez et al 1999). The percentages were analyzed separately between treatment groups to comparisons done on the actual concentrations between treatment groups and corresponding controls.…”

The effects of prenatal cocaine use on infant development

“…This hypothesis has also been supported in animal studies [1,8,15,30,63,67,85,86,92,94]. The prefrontal cortex is one site that is thought to control arousal, attention, and mood, as well as executive functioning (the ability to plan and carry out actions) [17,23].…”

Increased vulnerability to self-administer cocaine in mice prenatally exposed to cocaine

“…Several studies have focused on the effects of transplacental exposure to cocaine in transiently or permanently altering the function of the serotonergic system (Akbari et al 1992;Snyder-Keller and Keller 1993;Cabrera-Vera et al 2000) or the dopaminergic system (Minabe et al 1992;Ronnekleiv and Naylor 1995;Wang et al 1995). Considerable progress has been made in identifying mechanisms contributing to a long-lasting functional uncoupling of the dopamine D1 receptor from its G-protein in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) of rabbits exposed to cocaine in utero (Wang et al 1995;Friedman et al 1996).…”