Neurochemical changes in basal ganglia affect time perception in parkinsonians

Magalhães, Francisco; Rocha, Kaline; Marinho, Victor; Ribeiro, Jéssica; Oliveira, Antonio Thomaz de; Ayres, Carla; Bento, Thalys; Leite, F.; Gupta, Daya S.; Bastos, Víctor Hugo; Velasques, Bruna; Ribeiro, Pedro; Orsini, Marco; Teixeira, Silmar

doi:10.1186/s12929-018-0428-2

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 145 publications

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“…Clinically, patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD), a basal ganglia disorder involving dopamine deficiency, have provided insights into their influence on temporal processing ( Koch et al, 2009 ; Jones and Jahanshahi, 2011 , 2014a , 2015 ; Magalhães et al, 2018 ). Since PD patients in general present with bradykinesia, that is, slowness of movement, it was speculated that slowness may also involve the temporal processing of the mind.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time Distortion in Parkinsonism

et al. 2021

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Although animal studies and studies on Parkinson’s disease (PD) suggest that dopamine deficiency slows the pace of the internal clock, which is corrected by dopaminergic medication, timing deficits in parkinsonism remain to be characterized with diverse findings. Here we studied patients with PD and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), 3–4 h after drug intake, and normal age-matched subjects. We contrasted perceptual (temporal bisection, duration comparison) and motor timing tasks (time production/reproduction) in supra- and sub-second time domains, and automatic versus cognitive/short-term memory–related tasks. Subjects were allowed to count during supra-second production and reproduction tasks. In the time production task, linearly correlating the produced time with the instructed time showed that the “subjective sense” of 1 s is slightly longer in PD and shorter in PSP than in normals. This was superposed on a prominent trend of underestimation of longer (supra-second) durations, common to all groups, suggesting that the pace of the internal clock changed from fast to slow as time went by. In the time reproduction task, PD and, more prominently, PSP patients over-reproduced shorter durations and under-reproduced longer durations at extremes of the time range studied, with intermediate durations reproduced veridically, with a shallower slope of linear correlation between the presented and produced time. In the duration comparison task, PD patients overestimated the second presented duration relative to the first with shorter but not longer standard durations. In the bisection task, PD and PSP patients estimated the bisection point (BP50) between the two supra-second but not sub-second standards to be longer than normal subjects. Thus, perceptual timing tasks showed changes in opposite directions to motor timing tasks: underestimating shorter durations and overestimating longer durations. In PD, correlation of the mini-mental state examination score with supra-second BP50 and the slope of linear correlation in the reproduction task suggested involvement of short-term memory in these tasks. Dopamine deficiency didn’t correlate significantly with timing performances, suggesting that the slowed clock hypothesis cannot explain the entire results. Timing performance in PD may be determined by complex interactions among time scales on the motor and sensory sides, and by their distortion in memory.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time Distortion in Parkinsonism

et al. 2021

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“…Also, Pastor et al (1992) compared PD patients with and without medication, observed a significant improvement in the PD patients’ performance under the effect of medication in a verbal estimation task. Thus, considering that the dopamine, as a modulator, tends to accelerate the time perception (Magalhães et al, 2018), reducing the overestimation, the L -dopa, in the present study, would have contributed to the shorter overestimation demonstrated by PD patients when compared with the non-PD participants, without, however, entirely restoring all cognitive performance, such as memory and attention, and motor performance. It should be borne in mind that the artwork manipulation produced temporal overestimation for both PD and non-PD patients, and the effect of the L -dopa was to affect the temporal processing of PD patients reducing the overestimation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Time Perception of an Artwork’s Manipulation Is Distorted by Patients With Parkinson’s Disease

Motta

Tumas

Bueno

2019

Front. Integr. Neurosci.

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Objectives: In artwork appreciation situations, individuals often show altered time perception. We tested the hypothesis that Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients present movement patterns that have an impact on the time perception of artwork manipulation time. We predicted that, compared to healthy controls (non-PD), differences in the exploratory behavior of patients would evoke alteration of artwork manipulation time perception.Methods: Ten PD patients and 10 non-PD participants manipulated two reproductions of artwork with different complexity levels from the series “Bichos” by Lygia Clark. Subsequently, participants performed a verbal estimation regarding the temporal duration of their manipulations. The exploratory behavior was analyzed.Results: All participants overestimated the artwork manipulation time. However, PD patients, regardless of the artwork’s level of complexity, showed shorter manipulation time and minor time overestimation compared to the non-PD participants. PD patients touched the artworks more often, especially the more complex artworks, than the non-PD participants; in contrast, PD patients moved the artworks less often, particularly the less complex artwork.Conclusion: PD patients showed an altered perception of artwork manipulation time. This suggests that exploratory behavior influenced temporal estimation. Besides, it is likely that PD patients had presented a decreased ability to manage attention during the task, which interfered in the cognitive reconstruction of its duration. Considered altogether, these appointments indicate that, as a result of cognitive and motor deficits, PD patients showed impairment in temporal information processing. The exploratory behavior facilitated the understanding of these results and processes in terms of motor-timing operations of the basal ganglia-thalamocortical system.

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“…We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar to identify articles published from inception to November 2021, using the keywords “Parkinson’s disease” and “time perception” or “time processing” or “temporal perception,” with English language restrictions. A previous study ( Magalhães et al, 2018 ), consisting of far smaller participant cohorts, have concentrated on in-person visual perception tasks alone. Another study found movement synchronization to visual but not auditory stimuli was impaired by PD ( Wu et al, 2020 ), suggesting a visuomotor timing deficiency in patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parkinson’s disease deficits in time perception to auditory as well as visual stimuli – A large online study

Patel²,

Bredemeyer³

et al. 2022

Front. Neurosci.

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Cognitive deficits are common in Parkinson’s disease (PD) and range from mild cognitive impairment to dementia, often dramatically reducing quality of life. Physiological models have shown that attention and memory are predicated on the brain’s ability to process time. Perception has been shown to be increased or decreased by activation or deactivation of dopaminergic neurons respectively. Here we investigate differences in time perception between patients with PD and healthy controls. We have measured differences in sub-second- and second-time intervals. Sensitivity and error in perception as well as the response times are calculated. Additionally, we investigated intra-individual response variability and the effect of participant devices on both reaction time and sensitivity. Patients with PD have impaired sensitivity in discriminating between durations of both visual and auditory stimuli compared to healthy controls. Though initially designed as an in-person study, because of the pandemic the experiment was adapted into an online study. This adaptation provided a unique opportunity to enroll a larger number of international participants and use this study to evaluate the feasibility of future virtual studies focused on cognitive impairment. To our knowledge this is the only time perception study, focusing on PD, which measures the differences in perception using both auditory and visual stimuli. The cohort involved is the largest to date, comprising over 800 participants.

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Neurochemical changes in basal ganglia affect time perception in parkinsonians

Cited by 8 publications

References 145 publications

Time Distortion in Parkinsonism

Time Distortion in Parkinsonism

Time Perception of an Artwork’s Manipulation Is Distorted by Patients With Parkinson’s Disease

Parkinson’s disease deficits in time perception to auditory as well as visual stimuli – A large online study

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