Neurochemical and peptidergic pathways of the baroreflex arc in the medulla oblongata: an introduction

Averill, David B.

doi:10.1016/s0361-9230(99)00236-1

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…It is generally accepted that the baroreceptor reflex operates as a feedback control system to provide compensation for transient changes in blood pressure (Averill, 2000). Afferent inputs from baroreceptors, chemoreceptors, trigeminal receptors and subsets of cardiopulmonary receptors with vagal afferents increase cardiovagal activity and decrease HR (Chapleau & Sabharwal, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Melanocortin 3/4 receptors in paraventricular nucleus modulate sympathetic outflow and blood pressure

Cui

Zhang

et al. 2012

Experimental Physiology

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Melanocortin 3/4 receptors in paraventricular nucleus modulate sympathetic outflow and blood pressure

Cui

Zhang

et al. 2012

Experimental Physiology

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“…Angiotensin II diminishes the sensitivity of this reflex by synaptically inhibiting it in the nucleus tractus solitarii, by increasing sympathetic nerve activity while decreasing the vagal tone to the heart. It also directly stimulates the myocardium, thus, shifting the operating 'set-point' for regulation of sympathetic outflow to higher BP (Isaacson & Reid, 1990;Kumagai & Reid, 1994;Averill, 2000;Averill & Diz, 2000;Bader et al, 2001;Balt et al, 2003;Diz et al, 2008;Smith et al, 2008;Hilzendeger et al, 2010;Arnold et al, 2011). This may explain the reductions in HR observed with the two highest doses of ang II given alone (figure 4.15).…”

Section: Does T Violacea Act By Blocking the Angiotensin II Receptors?mentioning

confidence: 98%

Effect of Tulbaghia violacea on the blood pressure and heart rate in male spontaneously hypertensive Wistar rats

Raji

Mugabo

Obikeze

2012

Journal of Ethnopharmacology

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Effect of Tulbaghia violacea on the blood pressure and heart rate in male spontaneously hypertensive Wistar rats I. A. RAJITulbaghia violacea Harv. (Alliaceae) is a small bulbous herb which belongs to the family, Alliaceae, most commonly associated with onions and garlic. In South Africa (SA), this herb has been traditionally used in the treatment of various ailments, including fever, colds, asthma, paralysis, hypertension (HTN) and stomach problems. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of methanol leaf extracts (MLE) of T. violacea on the blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) in anaesthetized male spontaneously hypertensive rats; and to find out the mechanism(s) by which it acts.The MLE of T. violacea (5 -150 mg/kg), angiotensin I (ang I, 3.1 -100 µg/kg), captopril (10 mg/kg), angiotensin II (ang II, 3.1 -50 µg/kg), losartan (30 mg/kg), phenylephrine T. violacea (60 mg/kg) and captopril (10 mg/kg) were injected intraperitoneally into iii some SHR for 21 days to investigate the chronic effect of these agents on plasma levels of aldosterone. The mean change, the mean of the individual percentage changes and the percentage difference (in mean) observed with each intervention was calculated and statistically analyzed using the Student's t test for significant difference (p < 0.05). The Microsoft Excel software was used for statistical analysis.T. violacea significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial BP;and HR dose-dependently. In a dose-dependent manner, ang I, ang II, phenylephrine significantly (p < 0.05) increased the BP, while propranolol, muscarine and atropine reduced the BP. The increases in BP due to dobutamine were not dose-dependent. In a dose dependent manner, phenylephrine and propranolol reduced the HR, while dobutamine increased the HR. The effect of ang I, ang II, muscarine and atropine on HR were not dose-dependent; with both increases as well as decreases observed with ang I, and II and atropine, while decreases were seen with muscarine. Captopril produced significant (p < 0.05) reduction in BP which were not associated with any change in HR.The co-infusion of ang I with the MLE produced significant (p < 0.05) reduction in BP, which were not associated with significant changes in HR. The co-infusion of ang II with the MLE did not produce any significant changes in BP or HR when compared to the infusion of the standard drug alone. The co-infusion of phenylephrine with the MLE did

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“…It receives extensive peripheral afferents from multiple visceral modalities and projections from various areas of the central nervous system (CNS) that regulate visceral function (Altschuler et al, 1989;Lawrence and Jarrott, 1996;Rogers and Hermann, 1985;Rogers et al, 2003). The VLM controls both sympathoexcitatory and inhibitory circuits in order to maintain autonomic ho-meostasis (Averill, 2000;Blessing and Li, 1989;Granata, 2003;Tolentino-Silva et al, 2000). The DMV receives information from the abdomen and supplies parasympathetic motor preganglionic fibers to the viscera, mediating CNS control of gastric motility and vagovagal reflexes (Guo et al, 2001;Gwyn et al, 1985).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit mRNA expression in adult and developing rat medullary catecholamine neurons

O’Leary

Loughlin

Leslie

2008

J of Comparative Neurology

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Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) mediate numerous visceral functions via medullary catecholamine (CA) neurons found in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS), dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV), and ventrolateral medulla (VLM). However, the nAChR subtypes involved are not known. We have therefore characterized expression of nine nAChR subunit mRNAs in adult and developing rat medullary CA nuclei using combined isotopic/nonisotopic in situ hybridization. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) mRNA, the CA-synthesizing enzyme, was used as a marker for CA neurons, because these nuclei consist of heterogeneous populations of cells. Subunit mRNA expression varied within and between nuclei, along the rostrocaudal axis, between cell types, and across development. All CA neurons expressed beta2 mRNA, whereas alpha2 mRNA was completely absent. alpha6 And beta3 mRNA expression were restricted mainly to the VLM. alpha4, alpha5, And alpha7 mRNA expression was significantly greater in the rostral than in the caudal VLM. alpha3 And beta4 mRNAs were highly expressed in the dorsal region of the NTS, whereas dense alpha7 mRNA expression was restricted to the DMV and ventral NTS. The remaining subunit mRNAs were detected to some degree in both DMV and NTS. Except for alpha4 mRNA, which peaked prenatally, expression levels of subunit transcripts in the NTS and DMV were lower during development compared with adults. In the VLM, alpha3, alpha4, and alpha5 mRNAs expression peaked perinatally, whereas alpha6 and beta3 levels increased with age. These variations in nAChR subunit mRNA expression suggest that different receptor subtypes may produce function-specific regulation of medullary CA systems.

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Neurochemical and peptidergic pathways of the baroreflex arc in the medulla oblongata: an introduction

Cited by 4 publications

References 23 publications

Melanocortin 3/4 receptors in paraventricular nucleus modulate sympathetic outflow and blood pressure

Melanocortin 3/4 receptors in paraventricular nucleus modulate sympathetic outflow and blood pressure

Effect of Tulbaghia violacea on the blood pressure and heart rate in male spontaneously hypertensive Wistar rats

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit mRNA expression in adult and developing rat medullary catecholamine neurons

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