Neuroblastoma Pathology and Classification for Precision Prognosis and Therapy Stratification

Shimada, Hiroyuki; Ikegaki, Naohiko

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-812005-7.00001-1

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…Currently the US Children's Oncology Group (COG) has advocated for an age cut-off greater than 18 months for risk stratification. [4] In the UK approximately 100 children are diagnosed with the disease each year with the majority being less than five years old. It is the most common cancer in the first year of life and said to account for approximately one fifth, to one quarter of all cancers in this age group.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[8] Unlike cancers that are associated with environmental factors such as asbestos and malignant mesothelioma, or lifestyle behaviour such as smoking and lung cancer, NB is closely associated with its genetic/molecular characteristics, although some research has suggested that certain exposures may be more common in children with NB. [4] [5] Tumours of the NB type have been called '"enigmatic" [5] because of their unique and often unpredictable clinical behaviours, such as spontaneous regression, tumour maturation to benign ganglioneuroma, rapid progression to life-threatening disease and aggressive progression refractory to therapy'. [4] It can occur at any point along the migratory pathway of the sympathetic nervous system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[4] [5] Tumours of the NB type have been called '"enigmatic" [5] because of their unique and often unpredictable clinical behaviours, such as spontaneous regression, tumour maturation to benign ganglioneuroma, rapid progression to life-threatening disease and aggressive progression refractory to therapy'. [4] It can occur at any point along the migratory pathway of the sympathetic nervous system. [9] The neural crest is the temporary structure composed of multipotent progenitor cells presented during embryogenesis and emerging from the dorsal part of the body.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neuroblastoma and its Target Therapies: A Medicinal Chemistry Review

Gerges,

Canning

2024

ChemMedChem

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Neuroblastoma (NB) is a childhood malignant tumour belonging to a group of embryonic tumours originating from progenitor cells of the sympathoadrenal lineage. The heterogeneity of NB is reflected in the survival rates of those with low and intermediate risk diseases who have survival rates ranging from 85 to 90 %. However, for those identified with high‐risk Stage 4 NB, the treatment options are much more limited. For this group, current treatment consists of immunotherapy (monoclonal antibodies) in combination with anti‐cancer drugs and has a 40 to 50 % survival rate. The purpose of this review is to summarise NB research from a medicinal chemistry perspective and to highlight advances in targeted drug therapy in the field. The review examines the medicinal chemistry of a number of drugs tested in research, some of which are currently under clinical trial. It concludes by proposing that future medicinal chemistry research into NB should consider other possible target therapies and adopt a multi‐target drug approach rather than a one‐drug‐one‐target approach for improved efficacy and less drug‐drug interaction for the treatment of NB Stage 4 (NBS4) patients.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neuroblastoma and its Target Therapies: A Medicinal Chemistry Review

Gerges,

Canning

2024

ChemMedChem

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“…The clinical course of the disease and prognosis varies widely from benign forms that spontaneously regressed or aggressive tumours characterized by rapid locoregional spread, early appearance of distant metastases, poor response to ongoing intensive treatment and high relapse rates (Shimada & Ikegaki, 2019). The heterogeneity of clinical forms of NB is mostly due to the unpredictable biological behaviour of tumour cells, which includes a change in the number of copies of individual genes or chromosomal regions, mutations in oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Latest advances in cell-death pathway approaches in treating high-risk neuroblastoma

Temirbek

Then

2022

Neurosci Res Notes

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Neuroblastoma (NB) is one of childhood's most common malignant tumours worldwide. Upon diagnosis, NB is categorized according to staging and risk, with treatment according to different risk categories. High-risk NB is treated with intensive chemotherapy, surgery, radiation therapy, bone marrow / hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, differentiation treatment of isotretinoin and antibody therapy that is usually administered with the cytokines GM-CSF and IL-2. To date, the genetic profile of NB is still being investigated. The most established gene associated with NB is the MYCN Proto-Oncogene, BHLH Transcription Factor (MYCN) amplification that contributes to the risk stratification of the disease. MYCN gene is an important foetal oncogene involved in cell proliferation for organ and tissue growth. Unfortunately, despite significant advances in the treatment of NB in recent decades, the prognosis for high-risk patients remains unfavourable since the overall 5-year survival rate, according to statistical data, does not exceed 40%. The use of cell technologies in paediatric oncology and haematology occupies a significant place and continues to improve. Since one of the leading causes of tumour development is an imbalance between cell death and cell survival, this paper aims to discuss treatment strategies to eliminate tumour cells using cell death pathways, including inducing apoptosis, necroptosis, autophagy, bioenergetics pathways, and immunotherapy. In conclusion, there is a need for a well-studied genetic profile of NB, which will allow the identification of new biomarkers, thereby contributing to the development of new therapeutic strategies. At the point of this review, immunotherapy seems to be the most promising treatment for high-risk NB as it has been highly effective in other kinds of cancer.

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“… 2 The prognosis of NTs is correlated with multiple factors. Shimada et al 3 , 4 have classified NTs into the favorable histology (FH) type and unfavorable histology (uFH) type based on the age-linked morphological changes. However, in the clinic, NTs are divided into different clinical stages based on the position, infiltration, and metastasis of tumors and then into different risk grades considering the results of clinical, pathological, and molecular tests.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prognostic Value of c-MYC Expression in Patients with Peripheral Neuroblastic Tumors

Zhang¹,

Tian²,

Li³

et al. 2021

IJGM

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Objective Neuroblastic tumors are the most common solid tumors in children. The aim of this study was to explore the prognostic value of immunostaining for cellular-myelocytomatosis viral oncogene (c-MYC) expression in patients with peripheral neuroblastic tumors (NTs). Methods A retrospective study was conducted to compare the expression of c-MYC detected by immunohistochemistry and v-myc avian myelocytomatosis viral oncogene neuroblastoma derived homolog ( MYCN ) by fluorescence in situ hybridization among 177 cases of NTs and determine the associations of c-MYC and MYCN with the clinical stages, morphological types, and survival rates of NTs. Results The cases positive for c-MYC were mainly the favorable histology type in stage 3 or 4 with a poor NT prognosis, but no morphological changes related to the poor prognosis were observed in their samples under a microscope. The cases with positive c-MYC expression did not overlap those with MYCN amplification. Conclusion Positive c-MYC expression portends a poor prognosis in patients with NTs.

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Neuroblastoma Pathology and Classification for Precision Prognosis and Therapy Stratification

Cited by 6 publications

References 81 publications

Neuroblastoma and its Target Therapies: A Medicinal Chemistry Review

Neuroblastoma and its Target Therapies: A Medicinal Chemistry Review

Latest advances in cell-death pathway approaches in treating high-risk neuroblastoma

Prognostic Value of c-MYC Expression in Patients with Peripheral Neuroblastic Tumors

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