Neurobiology of ocular pain

Belmonte, Carlos; Garcı́a-Hirschfeld, Julia; Gallar, Juana

doi:10.1016/s1350-9462(96)00027-4

Cited by 169 publications

(141 citation statements)

References 187 publications

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“…Trigeminal stimulation by chemical vapors results from activation of polymodal nociceptors present in C and A delta fibers (Martin and Jessell, 1991;Silver and Finger, 1991;Belmonte et al, 2004). In the ocular mucosa, the resulting sensation is eye irritation, a topic of both basic (Belmonte et al, 1997) and applied (Wolkoff et al, 2003) interest.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The response we are focusing on is an acute, transient sensory response at the interface between detection and no-detection, conveying an early warning of potentially noxious vapors (Belmonte et al, 1997) that, at these very low and brief levels of stimulation, precedes any ophthalmic clinical signs (e.g., Podlekareva et al, 2002). We also investigated whether a failure to produce eye irritation could be overcome by increasing vapor concentration via heating the liquid stimulus source.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular restrictions for human eye irritation by chemical vapors

Cometto‐Muñiz

Cain

Abraham

2005

Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology

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Previous research showed a cut-off along homologous volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in their ability to produce acute human mucosal irritation. The present study sought to specify the particular cut-off homolog for sensory eye irritation in an acetate and n-alcohol series. A 1,900 ml glass vessel system and a three-alternative forced-choice procedure served to test nonyl, decyl, and dodecyl acetate, and 1-nonanol, 1-decanol, and 1-undecanol. Flowrate to the eye ranged from 2 to 8 L/min and time of exposure from 3 to 24 sec. Decyl acetate and 1-undecanol were the shortest homologs that failed to produce eye irritation under all conditions, producing a cut-off effect.Increasing the vapor concentration of decyl acetate and 1-undecanol by 3 and 8 times, respectively, via heating them to 37 °C made either or both VOCs detectable to only half of the 12 subjects tested, even though the higher vapor concentration was well above a predicted eye irritation threshold. When eye irritation thresholds for homologous acetates and n-alcohols were plotted as a function of the longest unfolded length of the molecule, the values for decyl acetate and 1-undecanol fell within a restricted range of 18 to 19 Å.The outcome suggests that the basis for the cut-off is biological, i.e., the molecule lacks a key size or structure to trigger transduction, rather than physical, i.e., the vapor concentration is too low to precipitate detection.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular restrictions for human eye irritation by chemical vapors

Cometto‐Muñiz

Cain

Abraham

2005

Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology

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“…52,53 The mechanism of the sensation of dryness is not fully understood and is probably multifactorial. [54][55][56] The subjective rating of dryness did show a slight, but significant correlation with the TSQ during the six measurement sessions of the first week in the bare eye condition. However, during lens wear the measured TSQ and the subjective dryness ratings did not significantly correlate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Tear Film Surface Quality with Soft Contact Lenses Using Dynamic Videokeratoscopy

Kopf

Iskander

et al. 2008

Journal of Optometry

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PURPOSE:To investigate changes in tear film surface quality after commencing soft contact lens wear. METHODS: Tear film surface quality (TSQ) was assessed during the interblink period using dynamic videokeratoscopy at 25 Hz. A quantitative value of TSQ is derived for each raw Placido ring image. Eleven young subjects with normal tear characteristics participated in the study. Dynamic videokeratoscopy was taken three times per day; in the morning, at lunchtime, and in the afternoon. This was done on two baseline days (bare eye) and on the first and seventh days of lens wear for a conventional hydrogel lens and following a week of no lens wear, for a further week of silicone hydrogel lens wear. Additionally clinical tests to assess TSQ were conducted and subjects were also asked to rate the subjective dryness of their eyes. RESULTS: All lens wear measurements showed a significant worsening of TSQ compared to bare eye measurements (repeated measures ANOVA, P<0.01). A significant diurnal change was found on the first day of silicone hydrogel contact lens wear, where TSQ improved during the day (P=0.045). However, no diurnal changes were found in TSQ for the other lens wearing days or for the bare eye condition (P>0.05). The subjective rating of dryness correlated with TSQ values (Pearson's r=0.62, P<0.05) for the bare eye condition, but not during contact lens wear. TSQ derived from the right and left bare eyes of the same individuals showed a significant correlation (Pearson's r=0.61, P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The measurement of TSQ using dynamic videokeratoscopy differentiates between bare eye and lens wearing conditions. It also shows a small systematic improvement in tear surface quality during the first day of silicone hydrogel lens wear and a significant association with subjective dryness for the bare eye condition. (J Optom 2008;1:14-21 ©2008 Spanish Council of Optometrists) KEY WORDS: high speed videokeratoscopy; tear film; dry eye; contact lens. RESUMEN OBJETIVO:Investigar los cambios en la calidad de la superficie de la película lagrimal tras empezar a utilizar lentes de contacto blandas. MÉTODOS: Se evaluó la calidad de la superficie de la película lagrimal (CSPL) durante el periodo comprendido entre dos parpadeos consecutivos utilizando videoqueratoscopia (topografía corneal estándar) dinámica a 25 Hz. Para cada imagen registrada de los anillos de Plácido se derivó un valor cuantitativo de la CSPL. En el estudio participaron once sujetos jóvenes cuya lágrima presentaba características normales. Se realizaron medidas de videoqueratoscopia dinámica tres veces al día: por la mañana, a la hora de comer y por la tarde. Estas medidas se llevaron a cabo primero, en dos días distintos, para recabar datos de referencia (ojo desnudo, sin lente de contacto); posteriormente, el primer y el séptimo día de uso de una lente de contacto convencional de hidrogel y finalmente, y tras una semana sin utilizar lentes, se realizaron medidas el primer y el séptimo día de uso de una lente de hidrogel de silicona. De maner...

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“…Neuron±glial interactions are reported to in¯uence receptor sensitivity and cell sensitivity to chemical toxicants (McMillian et al, 1995;Brismar, 1995;Belmonte et al, 1996). DRG somatosensory neurons and their peripheral extensions are surrounded by several types of glia (e.g.…”

Section: Non-genetic Factors That Affect Vr1 Receptor Sensitivity Celmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In normal physiological settings, the respiratory epithelial population and its sensory innervation act reciprocally to in¯uence the growth, differentiation, and homeostasis of each other (Chan and Haschke, 1985;Garcia-Hirschfeld et al, 1994;White et al, 1995;Belmonte et al, 1996). These relationships are especially critical to the organism's in¯ammatory response (Hoyle et al, 1998;Ogun-Muyiwa et al, 1999;Shu and Mendell, 1999).…”

Section: Cell±cell Interactions: Neuron±epithelial Relationshipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurogenic Inflammation and Particulate Matter (PM) Air Pollutants

Veronesi

Oortgiesen

2001

NeuroToxicology

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Exposure to a class of airborne pollutants known as particulate matter (PM) is an environmental health risk of global proportions. PM is thought to initiate and/or exacerbate respiratory disorders, such as asthma and airway hyperresponsiveness and is epidemiologically associated with causing death in the elderly and those with pre-existing respiratory or cardiopulmonary disease. Plausible mechanisms of action to explain PM in¯ammation and its susceptible sub-population component are lacking. This review describes a series of published studies which indicate that PM initiates airway in¯ammation through sensory neural pathways, speci®cally by activation of capsaicin-sensitive vanilloid (e.g. VR1) irritant receptors. These acid-sensitive receptors are located on the sensory C nerve ®bers that innervate the airways as well as on various immune and non-immune airway target cells. The activation of these receptors results in the release of neuropeptides from the sensory terminals that innervate the airways. Their interactions with airway target cells, result in signs of in¯ammation (e.g. bronchoconstriction, vasodilation, histamine release, mucous secretion etc.). Our data have linked the activation of the VR1 receptors to the surface charge carried on the colloidal particulates which constitute PM pollution. Related studies have examined how genetic and non-genetic factors modify the sensitivity of these irritant receptors and enhance the in¯ammatory responsiveness to PM. In summary, this review proposes a mechanism by which neurogenic elements initiate and sustain PM-mediated airway in¯ammation. Although neurogenic in¯uences have been appreciated in normal airway homeostasis, they have not, until now, been associated with PM toxicity. The sensitivity of the sensory nervous system to irritants and its interactions with pulmonary target tissues, should encourage neuroscientists to explore the relevance of neurogenic in¯uences to toxic disorders involving other peripheral target systems. Crown

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Neurobiology of ocular pain

Cited by 169 publications

References 187 publications

Molecular restrictions for human eye irritation by chemical vapors

Molecular restrictions for human eye irritation by chemical vapors

Tear Film Surface Quality with Soft Contact Lenses Using Dynamic Videokeratoscopy

Neurogenic Inflammation and Particulate Matter (PM) Air Pollutants

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