Neurobiology of associative learning in the neonate: Early olfactory learning

Wilson, Donald A.; Sullivan, Regina M.

doi:10.1016/s0163-1047(05)80039-1

Cited by 204 publications

(145 citation statements)

References 112 publications

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“…1a). Longterm experience-dependent plasticity can occur in mitralcell receptive fields [37,38] but we propose that these changes reflect primarily the fine-tuning of feature processing.…”

Section: Olfactory Sensory Physiologymentioning

confidence: 83%

The fundamental role of memory in olfactory perception

Wilson

Stevenson

2003

Trends in Neurosciences

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230

170

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“…1a). Longterm experience-dependent plasticity can occur in mitralcell receptive fields [37,38] but we propose that these changes reflect primarily the fine-tuning of feature processing.…”

Section: Olfactory Sensory Physiologymentioning

confidence: 83%

The fundamental role of memory in olfactory perception

Wilson

Stevenson

2003

Trends in Neurosciences

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230

170

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“…Sullivan, Wilson and colleagues have mapped many of the neurobiological mechanisms underlying olfactory learning in the infant rat [102][103][104]112]. Important roles have been found for alterations in the olfactory bulb, norepinephrine secretion from the locus coeruleus into the bulb, and modulating We hypothesize that biparental rearing causes an alteration in the pups' USV response to the male, which is mediated by neural mechanisms similar to that described for the induction of an odor preference [71,[99][100][101].…”

Section: Hypothesized Mechanism For Acquisition Of Paternal Potentiationmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Hypothesized Mechanism For Acquisition Of Paternal Potentiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acquisition and expression of a socially mediated separation response

Shair¹

2007

Behavioural Brain Research

108

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INTRODUCTIONSocial bonds are made up of numerous subsystems mediating the overall social relationships that develop between infants and caretakers. The effects of an infant's formation of early life relationships and its social interactions with caretakers are known to last well in to adulthood with both beneficial and harmful effects [28,35,70]. In our laboratory, we study the development of social relationships between infant rats and their dams, sires, and littermates using an isolation, reunion, and re-isolation test paradigm.Infant rats emit ultrasonic vocalizations (USV) in a variety of situations, including as a response to isolation, physical manipulation, and thermal and olfactory challenge [1][2][3]6,19,25,46,79,80,82,97]. Many researchers have used the presence and absence of these sounds to make inferences about the internal state of the rodents, e.g., isolation-induced USV's have often been called "distress vocalizations" [29,76,78].The isolation-induced vocalization of a rat pup is modulated both by current social interactions and by the pup's rearing experience. This modulation of USV by social interactions provides a paradigm for investigating the neurobehavioral mechanisms underlying acquisition and expression of infant attachment. What is maternal potentiation of isolation-induced vocalizations of infant rats?Maternal potentiation of ultrasonic vocalization occurs when, after a brief contact with the dam, isolated infant rats produce USV at a rate significantly higher than they would during an isolation not preceded by dam contact. Although the definition may seem of narrow interest, there is a growing belief that the potentiation phenomenon has broad applicability for the study of early life social relationships in many species. But before going further, the reader needs to understand the usual test paradigm in our laboratory.Developmental Psychobiology, Unit 40, New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Dr. NY, NY 100032, Tele 212-543-5695, Fax 212-543-5467, hns1@columbia.edu Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. NIH Public Access NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author ManuscriptTest procedure-On the day of testing, the dam is removed from the home cage and anesthetized. The litter is allowed to adapt to her removal for ~15-20min in the home cage on a thermoregulated heating pad. Then, each pup is tested in turn. The pup is picked up and placed alone in a clean polycarbonate rectangular box (18 × 21 × 20 cm) at room temperature. The test consists of three periods, which can range from 1-5min in length (3mi...

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“…Sensitive period pups also show attenuated aversion learning, presumably to prevent pups from learning to avoid the maternal odor. For rat pups, the temporal association of maternal odor with a variety of other maternally generated stimuli, such as grooming, warmth, or milk results in learned approach, nipple attachment and behavioral activation responses by the neonate on subsequent presentation of that odor (Galef and Sherry, 1973, Johanson and Hall, 1979, Johanson and Teicher, 1980, Brake, 1981, Pedersen et al, 1982, Alberts and May, 1984, Sullivan et al, 1986a, Sullivan et al, 1986b, Wilson and Sullivan, 1994. Importantly, the range of interactions with the mother includes painful stimuli, such as biting and being stepped upon, yet neonates fail to learn an aversion to odors paired with such painful stimulation and instead learn to prefer the odor (Haroutunian and Campbell, 1979, Sullivan et al, 1986a, Sullivan et al, 1986b, Camp and Rudy, 1988, Sullivan et al, 2000, Moriceau and Sullivan, 2004a, Roth and Sullivan, 2005.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental emergence of fear learning corresponds with changes in amygdala synaptic plasticity

2008

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Mother-infant attachment is facilitated in altricial rodents through unique neural mechanisms that include impaired neonatal fear conditioning until the time that pups first begin to leave the nest (sensitive period). Here, we confirmed the developmental emergence of odor fear conditioning in neonatal rat pups, and examined synaptic plasticity of inputs to the basolateral amygdala in vitro. Coronal slices through the amygdala were obtained from sensitive (< 10 days) and post-sensitive (> 10, < 19 days) period pups. Field potentials were recorded in the basolateral amygdala in response to stimulation of either the external capsule (neocortical inputs) or fibers from the cortical nucleus of the amygdala (olfactory inputs). The effects of tetanic stimulation were examined in each pathway. In both pathways, tetanic stimulation induce significant long-term synaptic plasticity in post-sensitive period pups, but no significant plasticity in sensitive period pups incapable of learning odor aversions. GABA A receptor blockade in post-sensitive period slices reverts synaptic plasticity to sensitive period characteristics. The results suggest that sensitive period deficits in fear conditioning may be related to impaired amygdala synaptic plasticity and the immature state of GABAergic inhibition and/or it modulation in the neonatal amygdala.

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Neurobiology of associative learning in the neonate: Early olfactory learning

Cited by 204 publications

References 112 publications

The fundamental role of memory in olfactory perception

The fundamental role of memory in olfactory perception

Acquisition and expression of a socially mediated separation response

Developmental emergence of fear learning corresponds with changes in amygdala synaptic plasticity

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