Neurobiology of Asperger Syndrome

Lincoln, Alan J.; Courchesne, Eric; Allen, Mark; Hanson, Ellen; Ene, Michaela

doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-5369-4_8

Cited by 35 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…DAS-II scores were available for 43 (95.6%) ASD participants and 34 (100%) NT participants. To account for the well-documented discrepancies between verbal and non-verbal cognitive performance among autistic children (Coolican et al, 2008;Lincoln et al, 1998) and to best align with prior PAF studies (Dickinson et al, 2018;Dickinson et al, 2022;Edgar et al, 2019), analyses were focused on NVIQ. Note: Significance values correspond to results of independent samples t tests or chi-squared tests to assess between-group differences on key demographic measures.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of peak alpha frequency reflects a distinct trajectory of neural maturation in autistic children

Finn,

Han,

Naples

et al. 2023

Autism Research

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Electroencephalographic peak alpha frequency (PAF) is a marker of neural maturation that increases with age throughout childhood. Distinct maturation of PAF is observed in children with autism spectrum disorder such that PAF does not increase with age and is instead positively associated with cognitive ability. The current study clarifies and extends previous findings by characterizing the effects of age and cognitive ability on PAF between diagnostic groups in a sample of children and adolescents with and without autism spectrum disorder. Resting EEG data and behavioral measures were collected from 45 autistic children and 34 neurotypical controls aged 8 to 18 years. Utilizing generalized additive models to account for nonlinear relations, we examined differences in the joint effect of age and nonverbal IQ by diagnosis as well as bivariate relations between age, nonverbal IQ, and PAF across diagnostic groups. Age was positively associated with PAF among neurotypical children but not among autistic children. In contrast, nonverbal IQ but not age was positively associated with PAF among autistic children. Models accounting for nonlinear relations revealed different developmental trajectories as a function of age and cognitive ability based on diagnostic status. Results align with prior evidence indicating that typical age‐related increases in PAF are absent in autistic children and that PAF instead increases with cognitive ability in these children. Findings suggest the potential of PAF to index distinct trajectories of neural maturation in autistic children.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of peak alpha frequency reflects a distinct trajectory of neural maturation in autistic children

Finn,

Han,

Naples

et al. 2023

Autism Research

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“…The size and direction of the group level verbalnonverbal discrepancy have varied across samples in the literature, and the school-age SSC sample is another data point within the range. The variation likely reflects small sample sizes as well as sampling differences in functioning level [e.g., Siegel et al, 1996], co-occurring conditions [e.g., Kanai et al, 2017], the selection on IQ [e.g., Lennen et al, 2010], diagnostic criteria [e.g., Ghaziuddin & Mountain-Kimchi, 2004, Lincoln et al, 1998], and stringent genetic inclusion criteria [e.g., Nowell et al, 2015 and the present study]. All of these factors likely affect the verbal-nonverbal discrepancy in autistic individuals, providing a further rationale to avoid incorporating a discrepancy into diagnostic decision-making.…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies of IQ scores among children with autism often found uneven cognitive profiles with nonverbal scores higher than verbal scores, regardless of the particular cognitive instrument used. A review of 16 published studies involving 333 ASD children tested with a Wechsler scale found an N‐V difference of 9.3 points, that is, greater than 0.60 standard deviation difference [Lincoln, Courchesne, Allen, Hanson, & Ene, 1998]. Other individual studies frequently reported N > V with Wechsler scales [Giofrè et al, 2019; Jones & Lord, 2013; Kuriakose, 2014; Li, Du, Luan, Li, & Ousley, 2017; Mayes & Calhoun, 2008].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DAS‐IICognitive Profiles Are Not Diagnostically Meaningful For Autism: AROCAnalysis

et al. 2020

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Intelligence assessment is an integral part of a comprehensive autism evaluation. Many past studies have described a cognitive profile of autistic individuals characterized by higher nonverbal than verbal IQ scores. The diagnostic utility of this profile, however, remains unknown. We leveraged receiver operating characteristic methods to determine the sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve (AUC) of three different IQ profiles in a large sample of children who have an autism spectrum disorder diagnosis (N = 1,228, Simons Simplex Collection) who completed the Differential Ability Scales-Second Edition (DAS-II), School Age compared to the normative sample provided by the DAS-II publisher (N = 2,200). The frequently discussed nonverbal > verbal IQ profile performed near chance at distinguishing ASD from normative individuals (AUC: 0.54, 95% CI [0.52-0.56]), and performed significantly worse for females than males (AUC: females: 0.46 [0.41-0.52]; males: 0.55 [0.53-0.58]). All cognitive profiles showed AUC < 0.56. We conclude that while significant differences between verbal and nonverbal IQ scores exist at the group level, these differences are small in an absolute sense and not meaningful at an individual level. We do not recommend using cognitive profiles to aid in autism diagnostic decision-making.

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“…En metaanalyse af unders0gelser af intelligensprofiler hos personer med autisme har vist, at den nonverbale og visuelle-praktiske intelligensfunktion generelt er relativ st<Erkere end den verbale intelligensfunktion (Lincoln et al, 1998).…”

Section: Central Kohunclassified

Gennemgribende udviklings- forstyrrelser i barne- og ungdomsalderen; en litteraturgennemgang

Jepsen

2004

Nordisk Psykologi

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Neurobiology of Asperger Syndrome

Cited by 35 publications

References 53 publications

Development of peak alpha frequency reflects a distinct trajectory of neural maturation in autistic children

Development of peak alpha frequency reflects a distinct trajectory of neural maturation in autistic children

DAS‐IICognitive Profiles Are Not Diagnostically Meaningful For Autism: AROCAnalysis

Gennemgribende udviklings- forstyrrelser i barne- og ungdomsalderen; en litteraturgennemgang

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