Neurobiology of Arrhythmias in Children Prenatally Exposed to Cocaine

Friedman, Ernest H.

doi:10.1001/archpedi.1995.02170230132028

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 7 publications

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“…Cocaine abuse in pregnant women is prevalent in the United State and is associated with a wide variety of fetal deficits including premature birth, cardiac defects, attention deficit disorder and so on (Ackerman, Riggins, & Black, 2010; Bae & Zhang, 2005; Frassica, Orav, Walsh, & Lipshultz, 1994; Friedman, 1995; Rotta & Cunha, 2000; H. Zhang, Darwanto, Linkhart, Sowers, & Zhang, 2007).…”

Section: Manifestation Of Environmental Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Alterations of Epigenetics Prior to the Birth

Zhou

2014

International Review of Neurobiology

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The etiology of many brain diseases remains allusive to date after intensive investigation of genomic background and symptomatology from the day of birth. Emerging evidences indicate that a third factor, epigenetics prior to the birth, can exert profound influence on the development and functioning of the brain and over many neurodevelopmental syndromes. This chapter reviews how aversive environmental exposure to parents might predispose or increase vulnerability of offspring to neurodevelopmental deficit through alteration of epigenetics. These epigenetic altering environmental factors will be discussed in the category of addictive agents, nutrition or diet, prescriptive medicine, environmental pollutant, and stress. Epigenetic alterations induced by these aversive environmental factors cover all aspects of epigenetics including DNA methylation, histone modification, non-coding RNA, and chromatin modification. Next, the mechanisms how these environmental inputs influence epigenetics will be discussed. Finally, how environmentally altered epigenetic marks affect neurodevelopment is exemplified by the alcohol-induced fetal alcohol syndrome. It is hoped that a thorough understanding of the nature of prenatal epigenetic inputs will enable researchers with a clear vision to better unravel neurodevelopmental deficit, late onset neuropsychiatric diseases, or idiosyncratic mental disorders.

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