Neurobiological Highlights of Cognitive Impairment in Psychiatric Disorders

Abstract

This review is focused on several psychiatric disorders in which cognitive impairment is a major component of the disease, influencing life quality. There are plenty of data proving that cognitive impairment accompanies and even underlies some psychiatric disorders. In addition, sources provide information on the biological background of cognitive problems associated with mental illness. This scientific review aims to summarize the current knowledge about neurobiological mechanisms of cognitive impairment in people with schizophrenia, depression, mild cognitive impairment and dementia (including Alzheimer’s disease).The review provides data about the prevalence of cognitive impairment in people with mental illness and associated biological markers.

The emerging role of furin in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases

“…As one of the severe mental diseases, schizophrenia is characterized by cognitive distortions including impairments in concentration, thinking, speed of cognitive information processing, and verbal working memory [ 304 ]. These impairments in cognitive functions persist throughout the disease and determine the functional status of patients [ 305 ].…”

New β-arylchalcogeno amines with procognitive properties targeting Carbonic Anhydrases and Monoamine Oxidases

“…All compounds (2)(3)(4) are tested in vitro for their activity against all catalytically active human CA isoforms I-XIV by means of the stoppedflow carbon dioxide hydration assay [24]. Their activities are compared to D-phenylalanine (D-Phe) and AMP as outlined in Table 1.…”

“…Deficits in brain networks that support cognitive abilities are among the most prevalent complications in many neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. Indeed, most patients with different conditions such as Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, Lewy body dementia, Huntington disease, HIV dementia depression, schizophrenia, chronic alcohol or substance abuse, brain tumors, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, manifest cognitive deficits, often at the beginning of the disease course [3]. These cognitive disfunctions are largely separate from the classical symptoms of the disorders.…”

Impact of Behavioral Assessment and Re-Test as Functional Trainings That Modify Survival, Anxiety and Functional Profile (Physical Endurance and Motor Learning) of Old Male and Female 3xTg-AD Mice and NTg Mice with Normal Aging

“…The study by Sperling points out that these results could explain why some clinically active patients presented elevated tau and Aβ levels [11]. Thus, Aβ and tau proteins can serve as markers of cognitive impairment; however, they are insufficient and cannot detect all cases of dementia, especially in the early stages [11,12]. For this part, gait speed, for example, is longitudinally associated with cognitive decline, dementia, and falls in older adults [13,14], with slower gait associated with increased fall risk and poor baseline cognition [6].…”