Neurobiological Foundations for EMDR Practice

Bergmann, Uri

doi:10.1891/9780826172679

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…This literature review includes investigation of early psychological interventions in the form of exposure and non-exposure-based trauma informed interventions and novel interventions that are built upon psychological theoretical concepts and neuroscientific findings in response to a traumatic birth [ 54 , 55 ]. Randomised controlled trials and randomised pilot studies investigating early interventions informed by psychological theory were included.…”

Section: 0 Discussion and Implications For Practicementioning

confidence: 99%

Early psychological interventions for prevention and treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and post-traumatic stress symptoms in post-partum women: A systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2021

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Background Pre-term or full-term childbirth can be experienced as physically or psychologically traumatic. Cumulative and trans-generational effects of traumatic stress on both psychological and physical health indicate the ethical requirement to investigate appropriate preventative treatment for stress symptoms in women following a routine traumatic experience such as childbirth. Objective The objective of this review was to investigate the effectiveness of early psychological interventions in reducing or preventing post-traumatic stress symptoms and post-traumatic stress disorder in post-partum women within twelve weeks of a traumatic birth. Methods Randomised controlled trials and pilot studies of psychological interventions preventing or reducing post-traumatic stress symptoms or PTSD, that included women who had experienced a traumatic birth, were identified in a search of Cochrane Central Register of Randomised Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, Embase, Psychinfo, PILOTS, CINAHL and Proquest Dissertations databases. One author performed database searches, verified results with a subject librarian, extracted study details and data. Five authors appraised extracted data and agreed upon risk of bias. Analysis was completed with Rev Man 5 software and quality of findings were rated according to Grading of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation. Results Eleven studies were identified that evaluated the effectiveness of a range of early psychological interventions. There was firm evidence to suggest that midwifery or clinician led early psychological interventions administered within 72 hours following traumatic childbirth are more effective than usual care in reducing traumatic stress symptoms in women at 4–6 weeks. Further studies of high methodological quality that include longer follow up of 6–12 months are required in order to substantiate the evidence of the effectiveness of specific face to face and online early psychological intervention modalities in preventing the effects of stress symptoms and PTSD in women following a traumatic birth before introduction to routine care and practice. Prospero registration CRD42020202576, https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=202576

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Section: 0 Discussion and Implications For Practicementioning

confidence: 99%

Early psychological interventions for prevention and treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and post-traumatic stress symptoms in post-partum women: A systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2021

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“…It is important to note that this is just a speculative theory, as this model has not been empirically tested yet. Bergmann has proposed a range of neurobiological research designs capable of testing the role the EMs (or alternate forms of BLS) on thalamic function, interhemispheric coherence and temporal binding (Bergmann, 2012 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Does Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing Therapy Work? A Systematic Review on Suggested Mechanisms of Action

et al. 2018

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Background: Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing [EMDR] is an innovative, evidence-based and effective psychotherapy for post-traumatic stress disorder [PTSD]. As with other psychotherapies, the effectiveness of EMDR contrasts with a limited knowledge of its underlying mechanism of action. In its relatively short life as a therapeutic option, EMDR has not been without controversy, in particular regarding the role of the bilateral stimulation as an active component of the therapy. The high prevalence of EMDR in clinical practice and the dramatic increase in EMDR research in recent years, with more than 26 randomized controlled trials published to date, highlight the need for a better understanding of its mechanism of action.Methods: We conducted a thorough systematic search of studies published until January 2018, using PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Knowledge and Scopus databases that examined the mechanism of action of EMDR or provided conclusions within the framework of current theoretical models of EMDR functioning.Results: Eighty-seven studies were selected for review and classified into three overarching models; (i) psychological models (ii) psychophysiological models and (iii) neurobiological models. The evidence available from each study was analyzed and discussed. Results demonstrated a reasonable empirical support for the working memory hypothesis and for the physiological changes associated with successful EMDR therapy. Recently, more sophisticated structural and functional neuroimaging studies using high resolution structural and temporal techniques are starting to provide preliminary evidence into the neuronal correlates before, during and after EMDR therapy.Discussion: Despite the increasing number of studies that published in recent years, the research into the mechanisms underlying EMDR therapy is still in its infancy. Studies in well-defined clinical and non-clinical populations, larger sample sizes and tighter methodological control are further needed in order to establish firm conclusions.

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“…It is as if our brain is saying: "Don't forget this, this is important!" These unprocessed experiences are considered to be the basis of the symptoms of many mental health problems and psychiatric disorders (Bergmann, 2020;Cozolino, 2017;Shapiro, 2018).…”

Section: A Framework For Psychotherapy Practicementioning

confidence: 99%

The Nurse Psychotherapist and a Framework for Practice

2020

Psychotherapy for the Advanced Practice Psychiatric Nurse

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This chapter begins with the historical context of the nurse's role as psychotherapist and the resources and challenges inherent in nursing for the development of requisite psychotherapy skills. Using a holistic paradigm, the framework for practice presented here is patient-centered and based on resilience and relationship. Mental health and illness are viewed through a cultural lens. The significant role of adverse life experiences in the development, contribution, and maintenance of mental health problems and psychiatric disorders is highlighted. A hierarchy of treatment aims is introduced on which to base interventions using a phase model for psychotherapy. This framework is based on the neurophysiology of adaptive information processing which posits that most mental health problems and symptoms of psychiatric disorders are due to a disturbance or dysregulation in the integration and connection of neural networks that occur in response to adverse life experiences. A case example is presented to illustrate the how to apply the framework proposed for psychotherapy practice. WHO DOES PSYCHOTHERAPY?The various disciplines licensed to conduct psychotherapy, depending on their respective state licensing boards, include psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers, marriage and family therapists, counselors, and advanced practice psychiatric nurses (APPNs) (Table 1.1). APPN is used throughout this book to include psychiatric-mental health clinical nurse specialists (PMHCNS) and psychiatric-mental health nurse practitioners (PMHNP). Educational preparation, orientation, and practice settings vary greatly among and within each discipline of practicing psychotherapists. In addition to basic educational requirements unique for that discipline, there are many postgraduate psychotherapy training programs that licensed mental health practitioners may pursue, such as psychoanalytic, family, eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy, cognitive behavioral, hypnosis, and others. Each of these training programs offer certification and require a specified amount of training for licensed mental health professionals: approximately 1 year for EMDR therapy (i.e., 40 academic didactic and 10 consultation hours for basic Parts 1 and 2 training; plus, in order to obtain certification an additional 20 consultation hours, 12 continuing educational units, 2 years' experience with a license in mental health practice, and a minimum of 50 sessions with 25 patients); and for psychoanalytic training 4 to 5 years (i.e., 4 years of coursework and supervision, ongoing practice, and one's own experience in psychoanalysis).Postgraduate training and ongoing supervision are encouraged for APPNs who wish to gain proficiency and deepen their knowledge in a particular modality of psychotherapy.

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Neurobiological Foundations for EMDR Practice

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Early psychological interventions for prevention and treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and post-traumatic stress symptoms in post-partum women: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Early psychological interventions for prevention and treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and post-traumatic stress symptoms in post-partum women: A systematic review and meta-analysis

How Does Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing Therapy Work? A Systematic Review on Suggested Mechanisms of Action

The Nurse Psychotherapist and a Framework for Practice

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