Neurobehavioral science in hazard identification and risk assessment of neurotoxic agents—what are the requirements for further development?

Lucchini, Roberto; Albini, Elisa; Benedetti, Luana; Alessio, L

doi:10.1007/s00420-005-0607-9

Cited by 19 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…Confounding exposures may exist during welding or furnace operations, such as carbon monoxide (CO), aluminum, Pb, and heat stress, all of which could affect neurobehavioral performance in cross-sectional research [12]. CO is a neurotoxicant at very high levels, as in acute CO poisoning cases.…”

Section: Summary Of Neurobehavioral Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurobehavioral Deficits and Parkinsonism in Occupations with Manganese Exposure: A Review of Methodological Issues in the Epidemiological Literature

Park

2013

Safety and Health at Work

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Exposure to manganese (Mn) is associated with neurobehavioral effects. There is disagreement on whether commonly occurring exposures in welding, ferroalloy, and other industrial processes produce neurologically significant neurobehavioral changes representing parkinsonism. A review of methodological issues in the human epidemiological literature on Mn identified: (1) studies focused on idiopathic Parkinson disease without considering manganism, a parkinsonian syndrome; (2) studies with healthy worker effect bias; (3) studies with problematic statistical modeling; and (4) studies arising from case series derived from litigation. Investigations with adequate study design and exposure assessment revealed consistent neurobehavioral effects and attributable subclinical and clinical signs and symptoms of impairment. Twenty-eight studies show an exposure-response relationship between Mn and neurobehavioral effects, including 11 with continuous exposure metrics and six with three or four levels of contrasted exposure. The effects of sustained low-concentration exposures to Mn are consistent with the manifestations of early manganism, i.e., consistent with parkinsonism. This is compelling evidence that Mn is a neurotoxic chemical and there is good evidence that Mn exposures far below the current US standard of 5.0 mg/m3 are causing impairment.

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Section: Summary Of Neurobehavioral Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurobehavioral Deficits and Parkinsonism in Occupations with Manganese Exposure: A Review of Methodological Issues in the Epidemiological Literature

Park

2013

Safety and Health at Work

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“…This is mainly due to several factors such as the increasing growth of the chemical industry worldwide (RNCOS, 2007), to the multiple use of chemicals in carious industries and the fact that the already large number of neurotoxic substances (Lucchini, et al, 2005) is constantly increasing with newly generated compounds that are needed for a rapidly changing market. It is also evident in the field of neurotoxicology that exposure scenarios are evolving quickly in terms of intensity, but also in spatial and temporal dimensions, leading towards the condition of "lifetime" exposure in the population.…”

Section: Lifetime Exposure To Cumulative Neurotoxicants: How To Definmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Regulatory bodies should proceed with a more timely-oriented agenda in the definition of protective standards for the newly produced compounds and also with a more frequent reevaluation of already defined safe exposure levels. This is made possible today thanks to a constantly increasing scientific production in the area of neurotoxicology (Lucchini, et al, 2005), and to the availability of reliable methods for the assessment of nervous system functions. The REACH program in the EU (REACH, 2006) offers opportunities for prevention, by controlling the emission of newly produced substances with potential neurotoxicant properties and imposing the registration and evaluation with toxicity testing in order to authorize industrial and commercial use.…”

Section: Lifetime Exposure To Cumulative Neurotoxicants: How To Definmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the early research which focused on using traditional neuropsychological tests to identify "abnormal cases" (Hanninen, 1966), the field has evolved to include methods used to detect sub-clinical deficits (Lucchini, et al, 2005), to further incorporate the use of neurosensory assessment (van Thriel, et al, 2007), and to expand testing from occupational populations to vulnerable populations including older adults and children (Amler, et al, 1994;Weiss, 1990). Even as exposures in the workplace are reduced, they have been increasing in the environment and research on exposure has now expanded to cross the entire lifetime.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neurobehavioral testing in human risk assessment

et al. 2008

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Neurobehavioral tests are being increasingly used in human risk assessment and there is a strong need for guidance. The field of neurobehavioral toxicology has evolved from research which initially focused on using traditional neuropsychological tests to identify "abnormal cases" to include methods used to detect sub-clinical deficits, to further incorporate the use of neurosensory assessment, and to expand testing from occupational populations to vulnerable populations including older adults and children. Even as exposures in the workplace are reduced, they have been increasing in the environment and research on exposure has now expanded to cross the entire lifetime. These neurobehavioral methods are applied in research and the findings used for regulatory purposes to develop preventative action for exposed populations. This paper reflects a summary of the talks presented at the symposium presented at the 11th meeting of the International Neurotoxicology Association.

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“…At least one third of chemical substances show neurotoxic properties (Lucchini et al, 2005) and the workplace Threshold Limit Values for 189 substances out of 693 (27%) have been set based on neurotoxicity data by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH, 2014). More than 200 chemical are known neurotoxicants for humans and the list keeps increasing (Grandjean and Landrigan, 2014).…”

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confidence: 99%

Neurotoxicology and development: Human, environmental and social impacts

2014

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The 12th International symposium of the Scientific Committee on Neurotoxicology and Psychophysiology, International Commission on Occupational Health was held in Cape Town, South Africa on March 24 – 27, 2013. Reflecting the meeting aiming to build greater focus on challenges facing working populations and communities in developing countries, the Symposium theme was Neurotoxicology and Development: Human, Environmental and Social Impacts. A total of 23 countries were represented with strong participation from 5 African countries. In addition to the more traditional topics of these Symposia, like metal, solvents and pesticides neurotoxicity, the conference embraced several new themes including affective disorders arising from chemical exposure, neurodevelopmental impacts in early life and novel approaches to genetic and epigenetic biomarkers for the assessment of neurotoxic impact. The theme of the conference prompted extensive discussions, which have laid the basis for a number of new directions for research, advocacy and capacity building to prevent and manage chemical neurotoxicity in workplace and community settings across the globe.

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Neurobehavioral science in hazard identification and risk assessment of neurotoxic agents—what are the requirements for further development?

Abstract: The importance of neurobehavioral toxicology in the evaluation of mechanisms of action and for preventive purposes is progressively growing. Further development is needed for the advancement of this discipline through collaboration between experts from different fields.

Cited by 19 publications

References 78 publications

Neurobehavioral Deficits and Parkinsonism in Occupations with Manganese Exposure: A Review of Methodological Issues in the Epidemiological Literature

Neurobehavioral Deficits and Parkinsonism in Occupations with Manganese Exposure: A Review of Methodological Issues in the Epidemiological Literature

Neurobehavioral testing in human risk assessment

Neurotoxicology and development: Human, environmental and social impacts

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